Nucleic Acids Structure and Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of DNA Ligase in DNA replication?

  • Removes wrong nucleotides from the daughter strand
  • Adds phosphate in the remaining gaps of the phosphate-sugar backbone (correct)
  • Finds and removes RNA primers
  • Recognizes codons on mRNA

Which RNA type carries the genetic information ultimately expressed as proteins?

  • tRNA
  • rRNA
  • mRNA (correct)
  • snRNA

Where does DNA-directed RNA synthesis occur?

  • In the mitochondria
  • In the cytoplasm
  • In ribosomes
  • In the nucleus (correct)

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

<p>Recognizes codons on mRNA (C)</p>
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What is the primary function of rRNA?

<p>Is found in ribosomes for protein synthesis (A)</p>
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Which process involves making an RNA copy of DNA and serves as a messenger between the nucleus and cytoplasm?

<p><strong>RNA Transcription</strong> (A)</p>
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Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

<p>Nucleic acids are responsible for the unique features of an organism. (D)</p>
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What happens when the ribosome is released from the mRNA during translation?

<p>The ribosome dissociates into its large and small subunits (A)</p>
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What is the primary function of the post-translational modification process?

<p>To attach various chemical groups to the amino acids in the polypeptide (A)</p>
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What is the main function of DNA?

<p>To store and transmit genetic information. (A)</p>
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Which of the following statements about RNA is correct?

<p>RNA is necessary for the translation of genetic information. (B)</p>
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How does the genetic code allow the four nucleotides in mRNA to specify 20 different amino acids?

<p>The genetic code is redundant, with multiple codons specifying the same amino acid (C)</p>
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What is the primary role of the anticodon in the tRNA molecule?

<p>To recognize and bind to the corresponding codon in the mRNA (A)</p>
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What is the significance of the unique DNA sequence in an organism?

<p>It determines the organism's ability to store and retrieve genetic information. (C)</p>
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Which of the following statements about the monomeric structure of DNA and RNA is correct?

<p>DNA and RNA monomers are composed of nucleotides. (A)</p>
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What is the primary role of the signal sequences in the polypeptide during protein targeting?

<p>To guide the newly synthesized protein to the correct organelle within the cell (D)</p>
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What is the significance of the ability of cells to store, retrieve, and translate genetic information?

<p>It allows cells to pass on hereditary information to daughter cells and subsequent generations. (C)</p>
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What is the main difference between the genetic code and the amino acid sequence of a protein?

<p>The genetic code is composed of four nucleotides, while the protein is composed of 20 amino acids (D)</p>
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What does the sentence 'DNA, just like a book, is organized into chapters' imply?

<p>DNA is structurally organized into 23 different parts similar to chapters in a book. (A)</p>
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What is the significance of DNA triplets ATT, ATC, and ACT in a DNA sentence?

<p>They symbolize the end of a polypeptide chain. (D)</p>
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In the genetic message decoding activity, why is matching tRNA to mRNA important?

<p>To ensure the correct amino acids are brought for protein synthesis. (D)</p>
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What does the analogy 'DNA sentence AACGTATCGCAT would be read as a polypeptide chain' illustrate?

<p>The translation process of DNA into proteins. (B)</p>
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What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

<p>Delivering the correct amino acids to ribosomes based on mRNA codons. (A)</p>
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How does the genetic code's triplet nature influence protein synthesis?

<p>It ensures a unique correspondence between nucleotide triplets and amino acids. (C)</p>
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During RNA transcription, what is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

<p>Serves as the template for protein synthesis (C)</p>
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What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

<p>Acts as the adapter molecule (D)</p>
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In RNA transcription, where does initiation occur?

<p>At the promoter gene on DNA (C)</p>
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What directs RNA polymerase to the start site of transcription during initiation?

<p>RNA transcription factors (D)</p>
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Which direction does RNA synthesis proceed during elongation in RNA transcription?

<p>5' to 3' (D)</p>
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What initiates elongation in RNA transcription?

<p>rNTPs (ribonucleic nucleotides triphosphates) (A)</p>
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