Nucleic Acids Structure and Function Quiz

What is the function of DNA Ligase in DNA replication?

Removes wrong nucleotides from the daughter strand
Adds phosphate in the remaining gaps of the phosphate-sugar backbone (correct)
Finds and removes RNA primers
Recognizes codons on mRNA

Which RNA type carries the genetic information ultimately expressed as proteins?

tRNA
rRNA
mRNA (correct)
snRNA

Where does DNA-directed RNA synthesis occur?

In the mitochondria
In the cytoplasm
In ribosomes
In the nucleus (correct)

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Recognizes codons on mRNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of rRNA?

Is found in ribosomes for protein synthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves making an RNA copy of DNA and serves as a messenger between the nucleus and cytoplasm?

RNA Transcription (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

Nucleic acids are responsible for the unique features of an organism. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the ribosome is released from the mRNA during translation?

The ribosome dissociates into its large and small subunits (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the post-translational modification process?

To attach various chemical groups to the amino acids in the polypeptide (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA?

To store and transmit genetic information. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about RNA is correct?

RNA is necessary for the translation of genetic information. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the genetic code allow the four nucleotides in mRNA to specify 20 different amino acids?

The genetic code is redundant, with multiple codons specifying the same amino acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the anticodon in the tRNA molecule?

To recognize and bind to the corresponding codon in the mRNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the unique DNA sequence in an organism?

It determines the organism's ability to store and retrieve genetic information. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the monomeric structure of DNA and RNA is correct?

DNA and RNA monomers are composed of nucleotides. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the signal sequences in the polypeptide during protein targeting?

To guide the newly synthesized protein to the correct organelle within the cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the ability of cells to store, retrieve, and translate genetic information?

It allows cells to pass on hereditary information to daughter cells and subsequent generations. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the genetic code and the amino acid sequence of a protein?

The genetic code is composed of four nucleotides, while the protein is composed of 20 amino acids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the sentence 'DNA, just like a book, is organized into chapters' imply?

DNA is structurally organized into 23 different parts similar to chapters in a book. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of DNA triplets ATT, ATC, and ACT in a DNA sentence?

They symbolize the end of a polypeptide chain. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the genetic message decoding activity, why is matching tRNA to mRNA important?

To ensure the correct amino acids are brought for protein synthesis. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the analogy 'DNA sentence AACGTATCGCAT would be read as a polypeptide chain' illustrate?

The translation process of DNA into proteins. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Delivering the correct amino acids to ribosomes based on mRNA codons. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the genetic code's triplet nature influence protein synthesis?

It ensures a unique correspondence between nucleotide triplets and amino acids. (C) Signup and view all the answers

During RNA transcription, what is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Serves as the template for protein synthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

Acts as the adapter molecule (D) Signup and view all the answers

In RNA transcription, where does initiation occur?

At the promoter gene on DNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

What directs RNA polymerase to the start site of transcription during initiation?

RNA transcription factors (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which direction does RNA synthesis proceed during elongation in RNA transcription?

5' to 3' (D) Signup and view all the answers

What initiates elongation in RNA transcription?

rNTPs (ribonucleic nucleotides triphosphates) (A) Signup and view all the answers