Nucleic Acids Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of DNA Ligase in DNA replication?

  • Removes wrong nucleotides from the daughter strand
  • Adds phosphate in the remaining gaps of the phosphate-sugar backbone (correct)
  • Finds and removes RNA primers
  • Recognizes codons on mRNA

    • Which RNA type carries the genetic information ultimately expressed as proteins?

  • tRNA
  • rRNA
  • mRNA (correct)
  • snRNA

    • Where does DNA-directed RNA synthesis occur?

  • In the mitochondria
  • In the cytoplasm
  • In ribosomes
  • In the nucleus (correct)

    • What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>Recognizes codons on mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of rRNA?

    <p>Is found in ribosomes for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves making an RNA copy of DNA and serves as a messenger between the nucleus and cytoplasm?

    <p><strong>RNA Transcription</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

    <p>Nucleic acids are responsible for the unique features of an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the ribosome is released from the mRNA during translation?

    <p>The ribosome dissociates into its large and small subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the post-translational modification process?

    <p>To attach various chemical groups to the amino acids in the polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA?

    <p>To store and transmit genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about RNA is correct?

    <p>RNA is necessary for the translation of genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the genetic code allow the four nucleotides in mRNA to specify 20 different amino acids?

    <p>The genetic code is redundant, with multiple codons specifying the same amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the anticodon in the tRNA molecule?

    <p>To recognize and bind to the corresponding codon in the mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the unique DNA sequence in an organism?

    <p>It determines the organism's ability to store and retrieve genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the monomeric structure of DNA and RNA is correct?

    <p>DNA and RNA monomers are composed of nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the signal sequences in the polypeptide during protein targeting?

    <p>To guide the newly synthesized protein to the correct organelle within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the ability of cells to store, retrieve, and translate genetic information?

    <p>It allows cells to pass on hereditary information to daughter cells and subsequent generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the genetic code and the amino acid sequence of a protein?

    <p>The genetic code is composed of four nucleotides, while the protein is composed of 20 amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sentence 'DNA, just like a book, is organized into chapters' imply?

    <p>DNA is structurally organized into 23 different parts similar to chapters in a book.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of DNA triplets ATT, ATC, and ACT in a DNA sentence?

    <p>They symbolize the end of a polypeptide chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the genetic message decoding activity, why is matching tRNA to mRNA important?

    <p>To ensure the correct amino acids are brought for protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the analogy 'DNA sentence AACGTATCGCAT would be read as a polypeptide chain' illustrate?

    <p>The translation process of DNA into proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>Delivering the correct amino acids to ribosomes based on mRNA codons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the genetic code's triplet nature influence protein synthesis?

    <p>It ensures a unique correspondence between nucleotide triplets and amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During RNA transcription, what is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

    <p>Serves as the template for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>Acts as the adapter molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In RNA transcription, where does initiation occur?

    <p>At the promoter gene on DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What directs RNA polymerase to the start site of transcription during initiation?

    <p>RNA transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction does RNA synthesis proceed during elongation in RNA transcription?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates elongation in RNA transcription?

    <p>rNTPs (ribonucleic nucleotides triphosphates)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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