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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

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Questions and Answers

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

Ribose sugar and deoxyribose sugar

Nitrogen-containing base and phosphate group

Pentose sugar and nitrogen-containing base (correct)

Pentose sugar and phosphate group

Which nitrogenous base is present in DNA but not in RNA?

Uracil

Adenine

Thymine (correct)

Guanine

What is the difference between adenine and adenosine?

Adenine is found in DNA, while adenosine is found in RNA.

Adenine is a component of nucleotides, while adenosine is a nucleotide made up of adenine and ribose or deoxyribose. (correct)

Adenine contains ribose sugar, while adenosine contains deoxyribose sugar.

Adenine is a single ring nitrogenous base, while adenosine is a double ring base.

What type of rings do pyrimidines have compared to purines?

Single rings vs. double rings Signup and view all the answers

Which sugar is present in DNA but not in RNA?

Deoxyribose Signup and view all the answers

What are the precursors to nucleotides?

Nucleosides Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds form between complementary bases in DNA and RNA?

Hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

How is DNA denatured or 'melted'?

Breaking hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

In DNA, which base pairs with adenine and how does this differ in RNA?

Thymine in DNA, Uracil in RNA Signup and view all the answers

What property of DNA allows for its strands to be separated with minimal energy input?

Hydrogen bonding between base pairs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the structure of DNA where the two strands run in opposite directions?

Antiparallel strands Signup and view all the answers

Which process uses the information encoded in DNA to synthesize RNA?

Transcription Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between two nucleotides?

Phosphodiester bond Signup and view all the answers

In which direction are the bases laid down in a nucleic acid by DNA polymerase?

5' carbon to 3' carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the backbone of stacked, alternating sugar and phosphate molecules called?

Sugar-phosphate backbone Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for relatively short polynucleotides containing up to 20 monomers?

Oligonucleotides Signup and view all the answers

If you unwound all the DNA in one of your cells and laid each strand end to end, how long would the resulting strand be?

Approximately 67 billion miles long Signup and view all the answers

How are nucleic acids talked about in terms of their composition?

In terms of subunits or monomers Signup and view all the answers