30 Questions
What type of linkage joins the monosaccharide units in starch?
C1–C4 glycosidic linkage
Which component of starch is water-soluble and constitutes about 15-20% of starch?
Amylose
What is the main storage polysaccharide in plants?
Starch
Which type of glucose units make up cellulose?
b-D-glucose units
What type of glycosidic linkage forms branching in amylopectin?
C1–C6 glycosidic linkage
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
Which polysaccharide serves as a predominant constituent of the cell wall of plant cells?
Cellulose
Which type of structure results from the folding of the backbone of a polypeptide chain?
Tertiary structure
What creates different proteins from each other?
Primary structure differences
Which type of bonding is responsible for the a-Helix structure of a polypeptide chain?
Hydrogen bonding
In which level of protein structure do proteins have one or more polypeptide chains?
Primary structure
Which term describes the shape in which a long polypeptide chain can exist?
Secondary structure
What is the primary structure of a nucleic acid?
Sequence of nucleotides
Who proposed the double-strand helix structure for DNA?
Francis Crick
What type of bonds hold the two nucleic acid chains together in the double helix structure of DNA?
Hydrogen bonds between pairs of bases
Which nucleotide forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine in DNA?
Thymine
What are the three types of RNA molecules mentioned?
Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA
Where did Har Gobind Khorana obtain his M.Sc. degree from?
Punjab University in Lahore
Which type of carbohydrates provide optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones upon hydrolysis?
Monosaccharides
What is the most important source of energy for mammals obtained by the digestion of starch?
Glucose
Why are ten amino acids referred to as essential amino acids?
They must be provided through diet
What happens to the secondary or tertiary structure of proteins when there is a change in pH or temperature?
They get denatured
Which biomolecules speed up reactions in biosystems and are very specific and selective in their action?
Proteins
How are vitamins classified based on their solubility?
Based on their solubility
What did Dr Khorana share the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology for in 1968?
Cracking the genetic code
Why are DNA fingerprints considered unique for each individual?
Because the sequence of bases on DNA is unique
In which scenario can DNA fingerprinting be altered?
Through known treatments
What is the primary function of DNA according to the text?
Maintaining identity of different species of organisms
Which process involves transferring identical DNA strands to daughter cells?
Cell division
What is responsible for synthesizing proteins in the cell according to the text?
RNA molecules
Test your knowledge on the primary and secondary structure of nucleic acids, including the double helix model proposed by Watson and Crick. Explore concepts such as base pairing and hydrogen bonds in DNA.
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