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Questions and Answers
The bonds that stabilize the backbone of the nucleic acids are...
Which of the following is a product in a condensation reaction?
Which of the following is a function of membranes?
Which of the following can be components of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?
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Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall. This cell wall has channels called plasmodesmata that permit movement of cytoplasm between neighbouring cells.
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Animal cells are surrounded by a cell wall. This cell wall has channels class plasmodesmata that allow for movement of cytoplasm between neighbouring cells.
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Adherens junctions and desmosomes are similar to each other in that they both need cadherins and they both are anchored to the cytoskeleton.
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Which of the following is responsible for the impermeability of the epithelium lining the bladder?
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Each of the following cell junctions is found in intestinal epithelial cells except...
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Which of the following would you predict to diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer most easily?
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The primary difference between N and O-linked glycoproteins is...
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Which of the following does not have a role in either cell-cell or cell-ECM adhesion?
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Study Notes
Nucleic Acid Structure
- The backbone of nucleic acids is stabilized by phosphodiester bonds.
Condensation Reactions
- Products of condensation reactions typically include water and larger biomolecules such as carbohydrates or proteins.
Functions of Membranes
- Membranes serve as barriers, controlling substance movement in and out of cells and organelles and facilitating communication between cells.
Extracellular Matrix Components
- Components of the extracellular matrix in animal cells can include collagen, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and fibronectin.
Plant Cell Structure
- Plant cells possess a rigid cell wall that supports structure and has channels known as plasmodesmata for cytoplasmic exchange between neighboring cells.
Animal Cell Structure
- Animal cells lack a traditional cell wall but can form junctions like adherens junctions and desmosomes to maintain connections between cells.
Junctions in Cell Adhesion
- Adherens junctions and desmosomes utilize cadherins for cell adhesion and are anchored to the cytoskeleton, facilitating structural integrity.
Epithelial Cell Characteristics
- The impermeability of the epithelium lining the bladder is primarily due to tight junctions that prevent leakage of substances.
Intestinal Epithelial Cells
- Certain cell junction types, such as gap junctions, may not be present in intestinal epithelial cells, which typically contain tight junctions and desmosomes.
Lipid Bilayer Permeability
- Small non-polar molecules, such as oxygen or carbon dioxide, can diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer most easily due to their size and hydrophobic nature.
Glycoprotein Differences
- N-linked glycoproteins have their carbohydrate groups attached to nitrogen in the amino acid asparagine, while O-linked glycoproteins attach to serine or threonine via oxygen.
Cell Adhesion Roles
- Molecules such as integrins and selectins play roles in cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, while others, like certain lectins, may not facilitate adhesion functions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the bonds that stabilize the backbone of nucleic acids with this quiz. Identify the key interactions that play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of DNA and RNA.
