Biology Chapter 3: Nucleic Acids Flashcards
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Biology Chapter 3: Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What elements are found in nucleic acids?

Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Oxygen

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

nucleotides

What are the three parts of the nucleotide?

Five-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

What is the sugar found in DNA?

<p>deoxyribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sugar found in RNA?

<p>ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of nucleic acids?

<p>makes up the genetic information in living things</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the bases of DNA?

<p>A, T, G, C</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the bases of RNA?

<p>A, U, G, C</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe DNA's structure:

<p>double helix with a sugar-phosphate backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe RNA's structure:

<p>single strand with a sugar-phosphate backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the polymer of nucleic acids?

<p>polynucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a polynucleotide form?

<p>The phosphate group of a nucleotide bonds to the sugar of the next nucleotide and so on.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nucleic Acids Overview

  • Nucleic acids consist of hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen elements.
  • The fundamental building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides.

Nucleotide Structure

  • A nucleotide has three main components:
    • A five-carbon sugar
    • A phosphate group
    • A nitrogenous base

Sugar Types in Nucleic Acids

  • DNA contains deoxyribose as its sugar component.
  • RNA contains ribose as its sugar component.

Function of Nucleic Acids

  • Nucleic acids are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information in all living organisms.

Nitrogenous Bases

  • DNA is composed of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).
  • RNA contains four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

Structural Characteristics

  • DNA has a double helix structure with a sugar-phosphate backbone.
  • RNA has a single-stranded structure, also featuring a sugar-phosphate backbone.

Polymer Formation

  • The polymer of nucleic acids is known as a polynucleotide.
  • Polynucleotides form when the phosphate group of one nucleotide bonds to the sugar of the next nucleotide, creating a long chain.

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Description

Test your knowledge of nucleic acids with these flashcards. Each card covers essential concepts such as the elements found in nucleic acids and their building blocks. Perfect for students reviewing Chapter 3 in their biology course!

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