Nuclear Physics Basics

What is the composition of an alpha ray?

Gamma rays are charged particles.

What is the name of the quark with a mass of approximately 1.28 GeV/c^2?

X-rays are generated ______________________ the nucleus.

Match the types of radiation with their descriptions:

What is the primary source of neutrons?

Quarks are a type of radiation.

What is the name of the quark with a mass of approximately 2.2 MeV/c^2?

The ______________________ model proposes six quarks.

What is the characteristic of gamma rays?

Radiation is produced by radioactive materials, similar to how a light bulb emits light.
Matter is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Nuclei are the center of atoms, where protons and neutrons reside.

Radioactivity is the power to emit radiation, which decreases over time as the material decays.
Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity in uranium in 1896.

Alpha radiation: high-energy helium-3 atom nuclei (4 He nucleus) that escape the nucleus.
Beta radiation: high-energy electrons that escape the nucleus.
Gamma radiation: high-energy electromagnetic waves that come out of the nucleus.
X-rays: generated outside the nucleus, similar to gamma rays but with lower energy.
Neutron radiation: generated in the use of nuclear reactors, accelerators, and radio isotopes (radionuclides).

Six quarks are proposed in the standard model: up (u), down (d), and four others.
Quarks have distinct properties, including mass, charge, and spin.
The mass of quarks ranges from 2.2 MeV/c² to 173.1 GeV/c².