Nuclear Physics Explained PDF

Introduction CamScanner 2 big2 d>gu00J] NUCLEAR PHYSICS EXPLAINED CamScanner 3 bi94 4>9quwo00J] Where is radiation produced? lf we compare it to the...

Introduction CamScanner 2 big2 d>gu00J] NUCLEAR PHYSICS EXPLAINED CamScanner 3 bi94 4>9quwo00J] Where is radiation produced? lf we compare it to the relationship between a protons light bulb and light, neutrons radiation is the light emitted by the bulb, Matter Nuclei radioactive materials are the bulb, and radioactivity is the power to emit light. Electrons As a light bulb gets old, its & power to emit light... | Nucle! Nuclei Nuclei Nuclei Nuclei _—_— decreases. Therefore, the (High energy states) light becomes weaker or does not shine. The same Is Alpha rays Beta rays Gamma rays Neutron rays X-rays true for radioactive (electrons) & , Electrons materials. As they continue O transitioning to emit radiation, the between orbitals. radioactivity decays and the amount of radiation decreases. Radioactivity was discovered for uranium by Henri Becquerel in 1896.  Types of Radiation Alpha ray (4 He nucleus) (EX.) q Alpha (a) decay Oy _ 79 @” © Beta () decay So en ») Gamma ray Gamma (y) ray emission e: pw (electromagnetic wave} © Proton © Neutron X-rays...generated outside the nucleus Elect ti shies ceteris Gamma rays (y)...come out of the nucleus —— Beta rays ({)...electrons that escape the nucleus Radiation Charged particles Alpha rays (a)...Helium-3 atom nuclei that escape the nucleus Other Uncharged particles ~—— Neutrons...generated in the use of nuclear reactors, accelerators and radio isotopes (radionuclide) CamScanner 2 b398 4>9uo0J]  p Quarks ™@ Six quarks are proposed in the mass | ~2.2 MeV/c? ~1.28 GeV/c? ~173.1 GeVic? standard model charge spin | 1. up (u) 2. down (d) 3. strange (s) 4. charm (c) 5. bottom (b) 6. top (t) = quarks are never found in isolation; they can be found only within hadrons Proton UA furd proton charge = +] (2/342/3-1/3) down quark e$) neutron —L crange = at (2/3- ‘A ib  What binds quarks together? up quark (eicx) down quark the strong force carried by gluons CamScanner 2 b398 4>9uo0J]