نظريات العمارة: النظام النشط الشكل

Architecture Theories

• Architecture Theories are presented in a lecture/presentation format.
• The lecture discusses different structure systems used in architecture.
• The topic is based on a specific structure system, "Form Active system", (1-Single stress System).

Structure Systems

• 1-Single stress System (Form active system): Relies on shape to distribute stresses.
• 2-Bulk System (Bulk Active system): A system based on achieving compressive and tensile strengths.
• 3-Co-Active System: A system centered on combining compressive and tensile forces.
• 4-Shell System (surface active system): A system that relies on continuous surfaces.
• 5-High Rise Buildings: Focus on vertical load transfer.

Acting Out Structures

• Cable System, Tent system, Arch System, and Pneumatic system are identified as systems under specific stresses.
• Flat Slab/Waffle slab, Post and lintel, Frames, Flat Truss, Space Truss, Curved Truss, Folded Structure, Dome Structure, Internal Cores, External Cores, Tube Skeleton, and Column net represent various structural elements.

Single Stress

• Single Stress: Involves only tension or compression.
• Diagrams and tables illustrate various bending moment diagram values (K values) and types of loads (e.g., load at end, load distributed).
• Concepts such as column, arch, post and lintel, vault-tunnel, dome, column and beam, cantilever, and others are presented, along with their structural elements and applications.

Structural Forms & Examples

• Diagrams present a range of architectural forms, such as conoids, hyperboloids, and domes, showing varying approaches and examples.
• Multiple Barrels and outside stiffeners are discussed as key elements.
• There are detailed descriptions of different structures like the lazy S, and types of domes (e.g., a "Schwedler dome").
• Various architectural examples, like bridges, buildings, architectural elements, and historical structures are illustrated and categorized.
• Examples include arches, vaults, pyramids, different types of roofs, and specific architectural styles and historical examples.

Load Transferring System

• Different methods of load transfer, such as structural systems mentioned above.
• There's a discussion of various structural forms and loads like cables, tensions, loads and supports, and windloads.

Components of Structural Systems

• Types of trusses (e.g., Pratt, Howe, Warren).
• Various architectural arches are discussed (e.g., Gothic arch, Roman arch, stilted arch, Moorish arch).
• Other elements like vaults are described, and different types of vaults are detailed (e.g., barrel vaults, groin vaults).

Drawings & Diagrams

• The presentation incorporates numerous diagrams, tables, and images clarifying various concepts, structural elements, and architectural examples.
• Figures and diagrams show systems, components, calculations, and examples of different designs and structures.

Construction Systems & Types

• Different construction systems are detailed, including tensile systems.
• Specific architectural projects like the Fuji Group Pavilion, The Eden Project, and other structures are mentioned.
• The importance of biomimicry, inspired by bat wings, is highlighted.
• Famous architects like Gunter Behnisch are cited along with specific projects they designed.

Types of Stresses

• Tension and compression stresses are central themes to the structure systems.
• Different types of stresses, including shear, bending, and torsion, are detailed.
• The lecture provides analysis of various building components under stress.

Biomimicry and Nature

• Biomimicry or structural inspiration from nature, using the example of bat wings.

Environmental Loads

• Concepts of wind load, internal air pressure, and snow load are discussed.
• These are forces that must be accounted for in building design.