NSAIDs Chemical Classes
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Questions and Answers

What is the chemical class of Acetyl salicylic acid?

  • Aryl & heteroaryl acetic acid derivatives
  • N-Aryl anthranilic acids
  • Oxicams
  • Salicylates (correct)

    • What is the name of the opioid antagonist that is a structure extension at the N-atom with Allyl?

  • Naloxone
  • Nalmefine
  • Naltrexone
  • Nalorphine (correct)

    • What is the name of the drug that is used to reverse intoxication by benzodiazepines?

  • Lorazepam
  • Alprazolam
  • Chlordiazepoxide
  • FLUMAZENIL (correct)

    • What is the class of antidepressants that includes Tranylcypromine and Moclobemide?

    <p>MAO-A inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the drug that is an example of a 1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one?

    <p>Lorazepam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the drug that is an example of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

    <p>Citalopram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the drug that is an example of a Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)?

    <p>Imipramine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the drug that is an example of a 1,2-annelated-1,4-benzodiazepine?

    <p>Alprazolam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of structure extension at the C14-atom?

    <p>Increase in µ-receptor affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of Pethidine?

    <p>Pain relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G)?

    <p>It is a strong µ-receptor agonist with higher affinity than morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't Tranylcypromine be taken with food containing Tyramine?

    <p>It increases the risk of hypertensive crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of Diazepam?

    <p>Treatment of grand-mal epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of Oxazepam over other barbiturates?

    <p>It has no residual day-time sedation (Hangover)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Phenytoin?

    <p>It blocks sodium channels and decreases glutamic-acid release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of Oxcarbazepine over Carbamazepine?

    <p>It is as efficient as Carbamazepine but with no toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of Flumazenil at the GABA/Benzodiazepine receptor complex?

    <p>Competitively inhibits the activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a Non-BENZODIAZEPINE LIKE SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS?

    <p>Zolpidem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of anticonvulsant is Phenytoin?

    <p>Hydantoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biogenic amine is also known as 5-HT?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antipsychotic is Chlorpromazine?

    <p>Typical antipsychotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of derivative is Risperidone?

    <p>Benzisoxazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Aspirin on platelets?

    <p>Irreversible inhibition of COX-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of stopping Aspirin usage on platelets?

    <p>Wait until production of new platelet producing COX enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)

    • Chemical classes of non-selective COX-inhibitors include salicylates, N-Aryl anthranilic acids (Fenamates), aryl & heteroaryl acetic acid derivatives, and oxicams
    • Selective COX-2 inhibitors include Celecoxib (Celebrex)

    Non-Selective COX-Inhibitors

    • Salicylates: Aspirin (Acetyl salicylic acid)
    • N-Aryl Anthranilic acids (Fenamates): Flufenamic acid, Mefenamic acid, Meclofenamic acid
    • Aryl & heteroaryl acetic acid derivatives:
      • Phenyl Acetic Acid derivatives: Diclofenac
      • Indole acetic acid derivatives: Indomethacin (Indocin)
      • Indene acetic acid derivatives: Sulindac
      • Phenyl and naphthalene α-methyl-acetic acid derivatives: Ibuprofen (Brufen), Ketoprofen, Naproxen
    • Oxicams: Piroxicam

    Analgesic-Antipyretic Drugs

    • Acetaminophen

    Narcotic Analgesics (Opioids)

    • Structure extension at the N-atom with allyl or cyclopropyl: Opioid antagonist (Nalorphine, Naloxone, Naltrexone, Nalmefine)
    • Modifications of morphine:
      • Ring E removal: Oxymorphone
      • Ring D removal: Morphinans (Levorphanol), Dextro-methorphan, N-Methylmorphinan
      • Ring C & D removal: Benzomorphans (Pentazocine, Phenazocine)
      • Removing rings B, C, D, & E: 4-phenylpiperidines (Pethidine), Methadone, Loperamide
      • Rigidification: Orvinols (or Oripavines) (Etorphine)

    Central Nervous System Drugs

    CNS Stimulants (Psychomotor Stimulants)

    • Amphetamine
    • Bupropion
    • Benzphetamine
    • Methylphenidate
    • Methamphetamine
    • MDMA
    • Fenethylene

    Anti-Depressants

    • MAO-A inhibitors: Tranylcypromine, Moclobemide
    • Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Clomipramine, Imipramine, Desipramine
    • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Fluoxetine, Citalopram
    • Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Venlafaxine, Nisoxetine

    Central Nervous System Depressants

    • 1,4-Benzodiazepine-2-one: Lorazepam
    • 1,4-Benzodiazepine-4-oxide: Chlordiazepoxide
    • 1,2-annelated-1,4-Benzodiazepine: Alprazolam
    • Midazolam
    • Flumazenil (used to reverse intoxication by benzodiazepines)
    • Non-BENZODIAZEPINE LIKE SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS: Zolpidem
    • Aldehydes (Chlorals): Chloral hydrate, Triclofos
    • Amides: Glutethimide
    • Alcohols: Ethchlorvynol
    • Carbamates: Chlorphenesin, Carbamate, Meprobamate

    Anti-Epileptics/Anti-Convulsants

    • Ureide-containing anticonvulsants: Hydantoins (Phenytoin), OXAZOLIDINEDIONE (Trimethadione), SUCCINIMIDES (Ethosuximide)
    • Miscellaneous Anticonvulsants: Primidone, Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Lamotrigine, Valproic Acid

    Biogenic Amines

    • Dopamine
    • 5-Hydroxy Tryptamine (5-HT) "Serotonin"

    Typical Antipsychotics

    • Phenothiazines: Chlorpromazine
    • Thioxanthenes: Chlorprothixene (Z), Zuclopentixol (Z), Flupenthixol (Z)
    • Butyrophenone & Diphenylbutylpiperidine Derivatives: Haloperidol, Pimozide

    Atypical Antipsychotics

    • Dibenzoxazepine: Loaxapine
    • Dibenzodiazepine: Clozapine, Olanzapine
    • Dibenzothiazepine: Quetiapine
    • 2-MethoxyBenzamide Derivative: Sulpiride
    • Benzisoxazole Derivative: Risperidone

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    Description

    This quiz covers the different chemical classes of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including non-selective COX-inhibitors and selective COX-2 inhibitors.

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