NSAIDs Chemical Classes
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Questions and Answers

What is the chemical class of Acetyl salicylic acid?

  • Aryl & heteroaryl acetic acid derivatives
  • N-Aryl anthranilic acids
  • Oxicams
  • Salicylates (correct)

What is the name of the opioid antagonist that is a structure extension at the N-atom with Allyl?

  • Naloxone
  • Nalmefine
  • Naltrexone
  • Nalorphine (correct)

What is the name of the drug that is used to reverse intoxication by benzodiazepines?

  • Lorazepam
  • Alprazolam
  • Chlordiazepoxide
  • FLUMAZENIL (correct)

What is the class of antidepressants that includes Tranylcypromine and Moclobemide?

<p>MAO-A inhibitors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the drug that is an example of a 1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one?

<p>Lorazepam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the drug that is an example of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

<p>Citalopram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the drug that is an example of a Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)?

<p>Imipramine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the drug that is an example of a 1,2-annelated-1,4-benzodiazepine?

<p>Alprazolam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of structure extension at the C14-atom?

<p>Increase in µ-receptor affinity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of Pethidine?

<p>Pain relief (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G)?

<p>It is a strong µ-receptor agonist with higher affinity than morphine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can't Tranylcypromine be taken with food containing Tyramine?

<p>It increases the risk of hypertensive crisis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of Diazepam?

<p>Treatment of grand-mal epilepsy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of Oxazepam over other barbiturates?

<p>It has no residual day-time sedation (Hangover) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Phenytoin?

<p>It blocks sodium channels and decreases glutamic-acid release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of Oxcarbazepine over Carbamazepine?

<p>It is as efficient as Carbamazepine but with no toxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of Flumazenil at the GABA/Benzodiazepine receptor complex?

<p>Competitively inhibits the activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a Non-BENZODIAZEPINE LIKE SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS?

<p>Zolpidem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of anticonvulsant is Phenytoin?

<p>Hydantoin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biogenic amine is also known as 5-HT?

<p>Serotonin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of antipsychotic is Chlorpromazine?

<p>Typical antipsychotic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of derivative is Risperidone?

<p>Benzisoxazole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Aspirin on platelets?

<p>Irreversible inhibition of COX-1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stopping Aspirin usage on platelets?

<p>Wait until production of new platelet producing COX enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)

  • Chemical classes of non-selective COX-inhibitors include salicylates, N-Aryl anthranilic acids (Fenamates), aryl & heteroaryl acetic acid derivatives, and oxicams
  • Selective COX-2 inhibitors include Celecoxib (Celebrex)

Non-Selective COX-Inhibitors

  • Salicylates: Aspirin (Acetyl salicylic acid)
  • N-Aryl Anthranilic acids (Fenamates): Flufenamic acid, Mefenamic acid, Meclofenamic acid
  • Aryl & heteroaryl acetic acid derivatives:
    • Phenyl Acetic Acid derivatives: Diclofenac
    • Indole acetic acid derivatives: Indomethacin (Indocin)
    • Indene acetic acid derivatives: Sulindac
    • Phenyl and naphthalene α-methyl-acetic acid derivatives: Ibuprofen (Brufen), Ketoprofen, Naproxen
  • Oxicams: Piroxicam

Analgesic-Antipyretic Drugs

  • Acetaminophen

Narcotic Analgesics (Opioids)

  • Structure extension at the N-atom with allyl or cyclopropyl: Opioid antagonist (Nalorphine, Naloxone, Naltrexone, Nalmefine)
  • Modifications of morphine:
    • Ring E removal: Oxymorphone
    • Ring D removal: Morphinans (Levorphanol), Dextro-methorphan, N-Methylmorphinan
    • Ring C & D removal: Benzomorphans (Pentazocine, Phenazocine)
    • Removing rings B, C, D, & E: 4-phenylpiperidines (Pethidine), Methadone, Loperamide
    • Rigidification: Orvinols (or Oripavines) (Etorphine)

Central Nervous System Drugs

CNS Stimulants (Psychomotor Stimulants)

  • Amphetamine
  • Bupropion
  • Benzphetamine
  • Methylphenidate
  • Methamphetamine
  • MDMA
  • Fenethylene

Anti-Depressants

  • MAO-A inhibitors: Tranylcypromine, Moclobemide
  • Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Clomipramine, Imipramine, Desipramine
  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Fluoxetine, Citalopram
  • Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Venlafaxine, Nisoxetine

Central Nervous System Depressants

  • 1,4-Benzodiazepine-2-one: Lorazepam
  • 1,4-Benzodiazepine-4-oxide: Chlordiazepoxide
  • 1,2-annelated-1,4-Benzodiazepine: Alprazolam
  • Midazolam
  • Flumazenil (used to reverse intoxication by benzodiazepines)
  • Non-BENZODIAZEPINE LIKE SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS: Zolpidem
  • Aldehydes (Chlorals): Chloral hydrate, Triclofos
  • Amides: Glutethimide
  • Alcohols: Ethchlorvynol
  • Carbamates: Chlorphenesin, Carbamate, Meprobamate

Anti-Epileptics/Anti-Convulsants

  • Ureide-containing anticonvulsants: Hydantoins (Phenytoin), OXAZOLIDINEDIONE (Trimethadione), SUCCINIMIDES (Ethosuximide)
  • Miscellaneous Anticonvulsants: Primidone, Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Lamotrigine, Valproic Acid

Biogenic Amines

  • Dopamine
  • 5-Hydroxy Tryptamine (5-HT) "Serotonin"

Typical Antipsychotics

  • Phenothiazines: Chlorpromazine
  • Thioxanthenes: Chlorprothixene (Z), Zuclopentixol (Z), Flupenthixol (Z)
  • Butyrophenone & Diphenylbutylpiperidine Derivatives: Haloperidol, Pimozide

Atypical Antipsychotics

  • Dibenzoxazepine: Loaxapine
  • Dibenzodiazepine: Clozapine, Olanzapine
  • Dibenzothiazepine: Quetiapine
  • 2-MethoxyBenzamide Derivative: Sulpiride
  • Benzisoxazole Derivative: Risperidone

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Description

This quiz covers the different chemical classes of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including non-selective COX-inhibitors and selective COX-2 inhibitors.

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