NSAIDs Chemical Classes

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Questions and Answers

What is the chemical class of Acetyl salicylic acid?

Aryl & heteroaryl acetic acid derivatives

N-Aryl anthranilic acids

Oxicams

Salicylates (correct)

What is the name of the opioid antagonist that is a structure extension at the N-atom with Allyl?

Naloxone

Nalmefine

Naltrexone

Nalorphine (correct)

What is the name of the drug that is used to reverse intoxication by benzodiazepines?

Lorazepam

Alprazolam

Chlordiazepoxide

FLUMAZENIL (correct)

What is the class of antidepressants that includes Tranylcypromine and Moclobemide?

MAO-A inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the drug that is an example of a 1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one?

Lorazepam Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the drug that is an example of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

Citalopram Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the drug that is an example of a Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)?

Imipramine Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the drug that is an example of a 1,2-annelated-1,4-benzodiazepine?

Alprazolam Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of structure extension at the C14-atom?

Increase in µ-receptor affinity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of Pethidine?

Pain relief Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G)?

It is a strong µ-receptor agonist with higher affinity than morphine Signup and view all the answers

Why can't Tranylcypromine be taken with food containing Tyramine?

It increases the risk of hypertensive crisis Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of Diazepam?

Treatment of grand-mal epilepsy Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of Oxazepam over other barbiturates?

It has no residual day-time sedation (Hangover) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Phenytoin?

It blocks sodium channels and decreases glutamic-acid release Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of Oxcarbazepine over Carbamazepine?

It is as efficient as Carbamazepine but with no toxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of Flumazenil at the GABA/Benzodiazepine receptor complex?

Competitively inhibits the activity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a Non-BENZODIAZEPINE LIKE SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS?

Zolpidem Signup and view all the answers

What type of anticonvulsant is Phenytoin?

Hydantoin Signup and view all the answers

Which biogenic amine is also known as 5-HT?

Serotonin Signup and view all the answers

What type of antipsychotic is Chlorpromazine?

Typical antipsychotic Signup and view all the answers

What type of derivative is Risperidone?

Benzisoxazole Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Aspirin on platelets?

Irreversible inhibition of COX-1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stopping Aspirin usage on platelets?

Wait until production of new platelet producing COX enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)

Chemical classes of non-selective COX-inhibitors include salicylates, N-Aryl anthranilic acids (Fenamates), aryl & heteroaryl acetic acid derivatives, and oxicams
Selective COX-2 inhibitors include Celecoxib (Celebrex)

Non-Selective COX-Inhibitors

Salicylates: Aspirin (Acetyl salicylic acid)
N-Aryl Anthranilic acids (Fenamates): Flufenamic acid, Mefenamic acid, Meclofenamic acid
Aryl & heteroaryl acetic acid derivatives:
- Phenyl Acetic Acid derivatives: Diclofenac
- Indole acetic acid derivatives: Indomethacin (Indocin)
- Indene acetic acid derivatives: Sulindac
- Phenyl and naphthalene α-methyl-acetic acid derivatives: Ibuprofen (Brufen), Ketoprofen, Naproxen
Oxicams: Piroxicam

Analgesic-Antipyretic Drugs

Acetaminophen

Narcotic Analgesics (Opioids)

Structure extension at the N-atom with allyl or cyclopropyl: Opioid antagonist (Nalorphine, Naloxone, Naltrexone, Nalmefine)
Modifications of morphine:
- Ring E removal: Oxymorphone
- Ring D removal: Morphinans (Levorphanol), Dextro-methorphan, N-Methylmorphinan
- Ring C & D removal: Benzomorphans (Pentazocine, Phenazocine)
- Removing rings B, C, D, & E: 4-phenylpiperidines (Pethidine), Methadone, Loperamide
- Rigidification: Orvinols (or Oripavines) (Etorphine)

Central Nervous System Drugs

CNS Stimulants (Psychomotor Stimulants)

Amphetamine
Bupropion
Benzphetamine
Methylphenidate
Methamphetamine
MDMA
Fenethylene

Anti-Depressants

MAO-A inhibitors: Tranylcypromine, Moclobemide
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Clomipramine, Imipramine, Desipramine
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Fluoxetine, Citalopram
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Venlafaxine, Nisoxetine

Central Nervous System Depressants

1,4-Benzodiazepine-2-one: Lorazepam
1,4-Benzodiazepine-4-oxide: Chlordiazepoxide
1,2-annelated-1,4-Benzodiazepine: Alprazolam
Midazolam
Flumazenil (used to reverse intoxication by benzodiazepines)
Non-BENZODIAZEPINE LIKE SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS: Zolpidem
Aldehydes (Chlorals): Chloral hydrate, Triclofos
Amides: Glutethimide
Alcohols: Ethchlorvynol
Carbamates: Chlorphenesin, Carbamate, Meprobamate

Anti-Epileptics/Anti-Convulsants

Ureide-containing anticonvulsants: Hydantoins (Phenytoin), OXAZOLIDINEDIONE (Trimethadione), SUCCINIMIDES (Ethosuximide)
Miscellaneous Anticonvulsants: Primidone, Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Lamotrigine, Valproic Acid

Biogenic Amines

Dopamine
5-Hydroxy Tryptamine (5-HT) "Serotonin"

Typical Antipsychotics

Phenothiazines: Chlorpromazine
Thioxanthenes: Chlorprothixene (Z), Zuclopentixol (Z), Flupenthixol (Z)
Butyrophenone & Diphenylbutylpiperidine Derivatives: Haloperidol, Pimozide

Atypical Antipsychotics

Dibenzoxazepine: Loaxapine
Dibenzodiazepine: Clozapine, Olanzapine
Dibenzothiazepine: Quetiapine
2-MethoxyBenzamide Derivative: Sulpiride
Benzisoxazole Derivative: Risperidone

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Description

This quiz covers the different chemical classes of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including non-selective COX-inhibitors and selective COX-2 inhibitors.