Pharmacology: NSAIDs and COX Inhibitors Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for COX-2 inhibitors?

Inhibiting the COX-1 enzyme

Blocking the COX-2 enzyme, thus reducing pain and inflammation (correct)

Increasing stomach acid secretion

Stimulating prostaglandin synthesis

Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with aspirin use?

Hypoglycemia and pancytopenia

Hepatotoxicity and hepatic failure

Agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia

Gastric upset and gastrointestinal bleeding (correct)

Which of the following NSAIDs is described as having powerful anti-inflammatory effects but weak analgesic and antipyretic activities?

Phenylbutazone (correct)

Indomethacin

Ibuprofen

Mefenamic acid

Which enzyme is responsible for the gastrointestinal side effects associated with traditional NSAIDs?

Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which most NSAIDs exert their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects?

Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is experiencing an adverse reaction, exhibiting jaundice and skin eruptions, which drug is most suspect?

Acetaminophen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference in the action between traditional NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors?

Traditional NSAIDs block both COX-1 and COX-2, while COX-2 inhibitors primarily target COX-2. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient experiences pain following a surgical procedure, which has lasted for 2 months. How would this type of pain be classified?

Acute pain (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of non-narcotic analgesics?

Potential for physical dependency (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes autacoids?

Locally acting hormone-like substances produced by various tissues (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following NSAIDs is frequently used to treat acute gout and acute rheumatoid arthritis when other agents have failed?

Phenylbutazone (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does aspirin have on platelet aggregation?

It inhibits platelet aggregation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are prostaglandins derived from?

20-carbon fatty acid (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid?

Cyclooxygenase (COX) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is considered an analgesic and antipyretic, but does not possess anti-inflammatory properties?

Acetaminophen (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common clinical use for Aspirin?

To treat inflammation associated with joint pain (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of COX-I?

Continuous synthesis of prostaglandins contributing to normal homeostasis. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of autacoids?

To modulate local circulation and influence inflammation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as an adverse effect of ibuprofen?

Ulceration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does aspirin have on the time it takes for blood to clot?

It prolongs the time it takes for blood to clot (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which role is specific to thromboxane A2 (TXA2)?

Platelet aggregation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is associated with the adverse effects of agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia?

Phenylbutazone (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do autacoid antagonists work?

By inhibiting the synthesis of certain autacoids or interfering with their receptor interactions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a condition where chronic pain is commonly observed?

Post-surgical recovery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of leukotriene antagonists?

Competitive inhibition of leukotrienes at their receptor sites or inhibition of lipoxygenase. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient who is allergic to aspirin and has a history of bleeding disorders is seeking an analgesic and antipyretic medication. Which of these drugs is most suitable?

Acetaminophen (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a COX-2 Inhibitor?

Celecoxib (C) Signup and view all the answers

Besides its analgesic and antipyretic effects, what is another notable property of aspirin?

It has an anticoagulant and antiplatelet effect (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major physiological function of leukotrienes?

Bronchoconstriction (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these symptoms is caused by histamine's direct action on the vascular system?

Localized redness due to arteriole dilation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological origin of histamine?

Dietary histidine (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most closely associated with the release of histamine?

Inflammation and allergic reactions or hypersensitivity reactions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary effect of H1 receptor activation?

Regulation of gastric acid secretion (A) Signup and view all the answers

Antihistamines primarily work by:

Blocking histamine from binding to receptor sites (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a common use for antihistamines?

Treatment of bacterial infections (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is most indicative of first-generation antihistamines?

Sedating (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a second generation antihistamine?

Loratadine (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect associated with antihistamine use?

Drowsiness (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function theorized for the third histamine receptor?

Autoreceptor function (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT an effect of H1 receptor activation?

Reduction in itching (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect associated with first-generation antihistamines?

Increased appetite (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for H2-receptor antagonists?

Inhibition of gastric acid secretion (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient experiences confusion while taking a medication; which of the following medications is most likely responsible?

Cimetidine (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the difference in drug interactions between ranitidine and cimetidine?

Ranitidine has fewer interactions with other drugs than cimetidine. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is specifically associated with antihistamines, but not with H2-receptor antagonists based on the given text?

Hypotension (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Non-Narcotic Analgesics, Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Inflammation is a protective response to tissue injury (physical trauma, noxious chemicals, or microbes).
NSAIDs differ in mechanism from anti-inflammatory steroids or narcotic analgesics.
Most NSAIDs work by inhibiting prostaglandin biosynthesis.

Pain Definitions

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.
Acute pain lasts less than 3-6 months, ranging from mild to severe. Causes include postoperative, procedural, and traumatic pain.
Chronic pain lasts longer than 6 months, ranging from mild to severe. Associated conditions include cancer, AIDS, multiple sclerosis, sickle cell disease, and end-stage organ failure.

Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Common NSAIDs include aspirin, diflunisal, diclofenac, etodolac, fenamates, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, methylsalicylate, nabumetone, naproxen, oxaprazin, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, sulindac, and tolmetin.
COX-2 inhibitors include celecoxib.
Non-narcotic analgesics include acetaminophen and phenacetin.

Drugs for Arthritis, Gout, and COX-2 Inhibitors

Drugs for arthritis include chloroquine, gold salts, methotrexate, and D-penicillamine.
Drugs for gout include allopurinol, colchicine, probenecid, and sulfinpyrazone.

Prostaglandins

Prostaglandins are 20-carbon fatty acids with a 5-carbon ring, derived from arachidonic acid.
They are synthesized by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, with COX-1 contributing to normal homeostasis, and COX-2 being involved primarily in inflammation and injury.
COX-2 inhibitors selectively inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins associated with inflammation.

Leukotrienes

Leukotrienes are 20-carbon fatty acid derivatives formed by lipoxygenase.
They play a role in bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, and heart negative inotropy.
Leukotriene antagonists, like zileuton, zafirlukast, and montelukast, are used in asthma treatment to reduce bronchospasm stemming from leukotriene-mediated responses.

Histamine and Antagonists

Histamine is a biogenic amine derived from histidine, which mediates various cellular responses (allergic and inflammatory).
Histamine acts on H1 and H2 receptors, affecting blood vessels, smooth muscle activity (bronchial and intestinal), capillary permeability, and pruritus.
H2 receptors are primarily related to gastric acid secretion.
Antihistamines block histamine receptor sites, decreasing allergic responses and inflammatory reactions.

H1 Antagonists

These drugs block the histamine effects on bronchial and intestinal smooth muscle, small blood vessels and sensory impulses for itching.

H2 Antagonists

H2-receptor antagonists inhibit gastric acid secretion in the body.
Drugs like cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine commonly fall into this category.

Antihistamine Uses, including Adverse Effects

Antihistamines are used to treat allergic symptoms, allergic reactions, coughs, anaphylactic shock, and parkinsonism.
Adverse effects can include drowsiness, hallucinations, sedation, and anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, throat, and nose).

Other Information

Aspirin is an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory analgesic, affecting platelet aggregation (clotting) time and risk of myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attacks, and strokes (primarily in men).
Indomethacin is a potent anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic used in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and acute gout.
Mefenamic acid is an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic used in rheumatoid arthritis, soft tissue injury, and dysmenorrhea.
Phenylbutazone has a strong anti-inflammatory effect but a weak analgesic effect. It's for acute gout and rheumatoid arthritis.
Diclofenac is a potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic used for ankylosing spondylitis and musculoskeletal injuries.
Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory analgesic more potent than aspirin and acetaminophen. It's used to treat arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Acetaminophen/Paracetamol is an analgesic and antipyretic drug with no anti-inflammatory activity. It's considered safer than aspirin for those with aspirin allergies. Adverse reactions include skin reactions and liver damage, especially with high doses.
COX-2 inhibitors (celecoxib, refecoxib) have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects equal to other NSAIDs but with less gastric side effects.
Autacoids are hormone-like substances from diffuse tissues (e.g., prostaglandins, histamine, serotonin, angiotensins, kinins).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and classifications related to NSAIDs and COX inhibitors. This quiz covers critical concepts needed for understanding pharmacology in clinical settings. Perfect for students preparing for exams in pharmacology or related fields.