Pharmacology: NSAIDs and COX Inhibitors Quiz

A natural response to tissue injury, usually caused by physical trauma, chemicals, or microbes.

A group of medications that reduce pain and inflammation by decreasing prostaglandin synthesis.

An unpleasant experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

Pain lasting less than 3-6 months, varying in intensity.

Pain lasting more than 6 months, ranging from mild to severe.

A medication that relieves pain without causing physical dependency, unlike narcotic analgesics.

A well-known nonnarcotic analgesic with antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties.

Aspirin's ability to prolong bleeding time by inhibiting platelet aggregation.

Aspirin is a commonly used medication with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. It reduces pain, fever, and inflammation. It is also used to prevent heart attacks and strokes in some individuals.

Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. It is used to treat various inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and acute gout.

Mefenamic acid is an NSAID with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used for pain relief, including menstrual cramps, and can be helpful for musculoskeletal injuries.

Phenylbutazone is a potent NSAID with a strong anti-inflammatory effect. It is used primarily for short-term treatment of acute gout and rheumatoid arthritis when other NSAIDs fail.

Diclofenac is an NSAID with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties, often used to treat musculoskeletal pain and stiffness, including ankylosing spondylitis.

Ibuprofen is an NSAID with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, particularly strong for pain relief. It is used for arthritis, pain, and fever.

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is an analgesic and antipyretic drug, effective for pain and fever relief. It lacks significant anti-inflammatory properties. It is often preferred for those allergic to aspirin and who have bleeding disorders.

NSAIDS (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) are a group of medications used to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation. They work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are involved in these processes.

A type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that specifically inhibits the COX-2 enzyme, responsible for pain and inflammation, while minimizing the inhibition of COX-1, which protects the stomach lining.

Naturally-occurring fatty acids that regulate various bodily functions, including inflammation, blood clotting, and stomach acid production.

The enzyme responsible for producing prostaglandins, which play a role in inflammation and pain.

One of the two forms of the COX enzyme, primarily involved in protecting the stomach lining and regulating blood clotting.

One of the two forms of the COX enzyme, primarily involved in triggering pain and inflammation.

A class of compounds that act as local hormones or messengers, playing crucial roles in regulating inflammation, blood pressure, and other bodily processes.

Substances that block the effects of autacoids by either inhibiting their production or interfering with their interaction with receptors.

A 20-carbon fatty acid containing a 5-carbon ring, serving as the precursor for various prostaglandins.

Prostaglandins are a group of lipids that act as signaling molecules in the body. They are synthesized from arachidonic acid by the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX).

COX-1 is constitutively expressed, meaning it's always present in the body and involved in daily production of prostaglandins. These contribute to normal homeostasis, like protecting the stomach lining.

COX-2 is induced by inflammation or injury. It produces prostaglandins that contribute to the inflammatory response.

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a type of prostaglandin responsible for causing blood platelets to clump together, which can help with blood clotting.

Leukotrienes are another group of lipids made from fatty acids that have different roles than prostaglandins. They are produced by the enzyme lipoxygenase.

Leukotriene antagonists are medications that block the action of leukotrienes. They either inhibit the enzyme that makes leukotrienes or block their receptors.

Histamine is a chemical messenger that triggers various responses in the body, including allergic and inflammatory reactions. It's released in times of injury or during allergic reactions.

Histamine antagonists are medications that block the effects of histamine by binding to its receptors. This action can help treat various symptoms caused by histamine, such as itching, swelling, or redness.

A group of medications that block the effects of histamine, a chemical released by the body in response to allergens.

A type of antihistamine that causes drowsiness and sedation, often used for sleep.

A type of antihistamine that causes less drowsiness and fewer side effects.

Medications that block histamine receptors in the stomach, reducing acid production.

A type of H2-receptor antagonist used to treat ulcers and heartburn.

Histamine receptors are responsible for initiating various bodily reactions. H1 receptors primarily affect areas like smooth muscles in the bronchi and intestines, blood vessels, and even contribute to itching sensations. H2 receptors play a crucial role in the regulation of gastric acid secretion.

Antihistamines are medications used to counteract the effects of histamine on various organs and structures. They work by blocking histamine from binding to its receptors. This prevents histamine from causing its typical effects like inflammation, itching, and stomach acid secretion.

First-generation antihistamines often have a sedative effect and are typically short-acting. They include drugs like chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, and promethazine.

Second-generation antihistamines are known for their longer duration of action and are generally non-sedating. They include drugs like loratadine, cetirizine, and fexofenadine.

Common side effects of antihistamines include drowsiness, hallucinations, and sedation. These effects are more prevalent with first-generation antihistamines.

Antihistamines are widely used to manage various allergic conditions, including seasonal and perennial allergies, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, mild angioneurotic edema and urticaria, and allergic reactions to drugs, blood, or plasma. They can also be used to alleviate coughs related to colds or allergies, as adjunctive therapy in anaphylactic shock, and for other purposes like treating motion sickness or providing sedation.

Antihistamines are categorized based on their generation and have varying characteristics like duration of action and sedative effects.

Antihistamines can effectively reduce the symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergies. They work by blocking histamine, a chemical released by the body during allergic reactions, from binding to its receptors.