Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a therapeutic use of acetaminophen?
What is the primary concern associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors?
What is a risk associated with concurrent use of NSAIDs and acetaminophen?
Which of the following statements about acetaminophen is true?
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What is a significant side effect of NSAIDs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors?
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Why is aspirin associated with a risk of gastric ulceration?
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Which of the following correctly reflects acetaminophen's mechanism of action?
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What is true regarding the combination of celecoxib and other NSAIDs?
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What is a therapeutic use of aspirin?
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Which of the following is an early sign of salicylate toxicity?
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Which condition is considered a contraindication for the use of aspirin?
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What is the primary side effect of aspirin that can lead to severe complications?
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What is the mechanism of action of acetaminophen?
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Which type of NSAID is celecoxib classified as?
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What long-term effect can high doses of aspirin have on the liver?
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What can happen as a result of chronic use of NSAIDs?
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Which effect is unique to aspirin compared to other NSAIDs?
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What does the COX-1 pathway primarily support?
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Which of the following statements about acetaminophen is true?
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Which pathway is mainly stimulated by tissue injury?
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What side effect is associated with the use of NSAIDs like ibuprofen?
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What is the role of the COX-1 pathway in the body?
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Which statement about COX-2 is correct?
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What should be a concern when taking NSAIDs like naproxen?
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How does aspirin differ from other NSAIDs in its mechanism?
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What is a major characteristic of COX-2 inhibitors?
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Study Notes
Acetaminophen and NSAIDs
- Acetaminophen is not classified as an NSAID due to its different mechanism of action.
- Aspirin has analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties and promotes platelet aggregation.
COX Pathways
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COX-1 Pathway
- Present in almost all tissues for "housekeeping" functions.
- Protects gastric mucosa, supports renal function, and promotes platelet aggregation.
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COX-2 Pathway
- Activated in response to tissue injury.
- Responsible for pain, fever, and inflammation. Beneficial during injury.
- NSAIDs block prostaglandins and thromboxane, impacting the inflammatory response.
NSAIDs Specifics
- Non-selective NSAIDs inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2, affecting various physiological pathways.
- Some NSAIDs, like naproxen and ibuprofen, have less impact on platelet aggregation, yet may increase thrombotic risk.
- Selective COX-2 inhibitors are associated with a higher cardiovascular risk.
Acetaminophen
- Mechanism of action: Decreases prostaglandin synthesis primarily in the CNS.
- It has been used since the late 1800s; however, its exact pathway remains partially understood.
- Does not cause bleeding or gastric ulceration and doesn't impair renal function.
Aspirin
- Also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), utilized for analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory effects, and as a platelet inhibitor.
- Originated from willow bark dating back over 2000 years.
- Most common side effect: GI bleeding, especially at doses above 325 mg (noted on the Beers List), leading to baby aspirin formulations (81 mg).
Adverse Effects of Aspirin
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Tinnitus can indicate ASA toxicity, potentially leading to hyperventilation and convulsions.
- Long-term usage risks hepatic damage, renal impairment, and signs of jaundice.
- Used to prevent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).
Drug Interactions and Dosing
- Avoid using aspirin with Celecoxib due to shared pathways.
- Acetaminophen can be administered with NSAIDs, but total daily dosage should not exceed 4000 mg for acetaminophen.
- Alternating doses of acetaminophen and NSAIDs can be effective for pain management.
General NSAID Information
- Provide anti-inflammatory effects similar to corticosteroids without steroid-related side effects.
- Conventional NSAIDs, excluding celecoxib, are non-selective in their COX inhibition.
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Description
This quiz tests your knowledge of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and their mechanisms of action, particularly focusing on the COX-1 and COX-2 pathways. Understand the differences between acetaminophen and traditional NSAIDs like aspirin, and their effects on pain and inflammation.
