Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor is LEAST likely to contribute to the increased risk of UTIs in sexually active women?
Which factor is LEAST likely to contribute to the increased risk of UTIs in sexually active women?
- Introduction of bacteria into the bladder via urethral massage during intercourse.
- Proximity of the urethral orifice to the anus, leading to colonization by gram-negative bacilli.
- Increased hygiene practices post-intercourse. (correct)
- Alteration of normal flora due to diaphragm and spermicide use.
A patient presents with painful urination, frequent urination, and cloudy urine, but no systemic symptoms. How would this UTI be classified?
A patient presents with painful urination, frequent urination, and cloudy urine, but no systemic symptoms. How would this UTI be classified?
- Recurrent upper UTI
- Complicated upper UTI
- Uncomplicated lower UTI (correct)
- Unresolved bacteriuria
A female patient has experienced three UTIs in the past year, each successfully treated with antibiotics. This scenario is best described as:
A female patient has experienced three UTIs in the past year, each successfully treated with antibiotics. This scenario is best described as:
- Bacterial persistence
- Initial infection
- Recurrent UTI (correct)
- Unresolved bacteriuria
Which of the following is the MOST common causative agent of UTIs?
Which of the following is the MOST common causative agent of UTIs?
Which statement BEST distinguishes between a complicated and uncomplicated UTI?
Which statement BEST distinguishes between a complicated and uncomplicated UTI?
A patient is treated for a UTI with antibiotics, but a follow-up urine culture still shows the presence of the original bacteria. This scenario is BEST described as:
A patient is treated for a UTI with antibiotics, but a follow-up urine culture still shows the presence of the original bacteria. This scenario is BEST described as:
A doctor suspects their patient has pyelonephritis. Based on the classification system of UTIs, where is the MOST likely location of the infection?
A doctor suspects their patient has pyelonephritis. Based on the classification system of UTIs, where is the MOST likely location of the infection?
What is the MOST direct mechanism by which sexual activity increases the risk of UTIs in women?
What is the MOST direct mechanism by which sexual activity increases the risk of UTIs in women?
A patient presents with urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria. Which assessment finding would suggest the infection has ascended to the upper urinary tract?
A patient presents with urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria. Which assessment finding would suggest the infection has ascended to the upper urinary tract?
Which of the following defense mechanisms is crucial in maintaining the sterility of the urinary tract?
Which of the following defense mechanisms is crucial in maintaining the sterility of the urinary tract?
A patient is diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. Which of the following symptoms would be most indicative of this upper urinary tract infection?
A patient is diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. Which of the following symptoms would be most indicative of this upper urinary tract infection?
A patient with recurring episodes of pyelonephritis is at risk for developing which of the following conditions?
A patient with recurring episodes of pyelonephritis is at risk for developing which of the following conditions?
A male patient presents with urethritis. What is the first step in managing his condition?
A male patient presents with urethritis. What is the first step in managing his condition?
Which clinical manifestation is most indicative of glomerulonephritis?
Which clinical manifestation is most indicative of glomerulonephritis?
A child is diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. What finding would support this diagnosis?
A child is diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. What finding would support this diagnosis?
A patient with Goodpasture's syndrome is experiencing pulmonary and renal complications. Which finding would be most indicative of this condition?
A patient with Goodpasture's syndrome is experiencing pulmonary and renal complications. Which finding would be most indicative of this condition?
Which of the following dietary modifications is most appropriate for a patient with nephrotic syndrome?
Which of the following dietary modifications is most appropriate for a patient with nephrotic syndrome?
A patient is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. What would be expected blood chemistry results?
A patient is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. What would be expected blood chemistry results?
A patient presents with severe abdominal and flank pain, along with hematuria. Which diagnostic test is most likely to be ordered to identify the presence and location of kidney stones?
A patient presents with severe abdominal and flank pain, along with hematuria. Which diagnostic test is most likely to be ordered to identify the presence and location of kidney stones?
A patient has a kidney stone that is too large to pass spontaneously. Which intervention would be least invasive in assisting with stone removal?
A patient has a kidney stone that is too large to pass spontaneously. Which intervention would be least invasive in assisting with stone removal?
A patient is diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). What is the most common long-term outcome associated with this condition?
A patient is diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). What is the most common long-term outcome associated with this condition?
A patient with polycystic kidney disease presents with hypertension and hematuria. What is the underlying cause of these manifestations?
A patient with polycystic kidney disease presents with hypertension and hematuria. What is the underlying cause of these manifestations?
Which subjective assessment finding is most relevant when evaluating a client for a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Which subjective assessment finding is most relevant when evaluating a client for a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
A patient with a suspected UTI reports dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain. Which nursing intervention is MOST appropriate to address the patient's discomfort?
A patient with a suspected UTI reports dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain. Which nursing intervention is MOST appropriate to address the patient's discomfort?
A patient is prescribed antibiotics for a UTI. Which statement indicates the MOST effective understanding of the patient education provided?
A patient is prescribed antibiotics for a UTI. Which statement indicates the MOST effective understanding of the patient education provided?
A patient is being evaluated for a possible kidney infection. Besides a urinalysis, which diagnostic test would provide the MOST specific information about potential complications such as structural abnormalities or abscesses?
A patient is being evaluated for a possible kidney infection. Besides a urinalysis, which diagnostic test would provide the MOST specific information about potential complications such as structural abnormalities or abscesses?
A female patient with recurrent UTIs asks for advice on prevention. Which recommendation is MOST appropriate for the nurse to provide?
A female patient with recurrent UTIs asks for advice on prevention. Which recommendation is MOST appropriate for the nurse to provide?
A patient is suspected of having pyelonephritis. Which set of symptoms would be MOST indicative of this upper urinary tract infection rather than a lower UTI?
A patient is suspected of having pyelonephritis. Which set of symptoms would be MOST indicative of this upper urinary tract infection rather than a lower UTI?
A patient presents with symptoms suggestive of a UTI. The urinalysis results are pending. Which intervention should the nurse implement FIRST?
A patient presents with symptoms suggestive of a UTI. The urinalysis results are pending. Which intervention should the nurse implement FIRST?
A patient with recurrent UTIs is concerned about the overuse of antibiotics. What non-pharmacological strategy can the nurse suggest to help prevent future infections?
A patient with recurrent UTIs is concerned about the overuse of antibiotics. What non-pharmacological strategy can the nurse suggest to help prevent future infections?
A patient with pyelonephritis is being discharged. Which instruction is MOST important for the nurse to emphasize to prevent complications and readmission?
A patient with pyelonephritis is being discharged. Which instruction is MOST important for the nurse to emphasize to prevent complications and readmission?
A patient is prescribed an antibiotic for a UTI but reports experiencing nausea and diarrhea. What is the MOST appropriate nursing intervention?
A patient is prescribed an antibiotic for a UTI but reports experiencing nausea and diarrhea. What is the MOST appropriate nursing intervention?
A patient is scheduled for a CT scan with contrast to evaluate for kidney stones. Which pre-procedure nursing intervention is MOST important?
A patient is scheduled for a CT scan with contrast to evaluate for kidney stones. Which pre-procedure nursing intervention is MOST important?
A patient with a history of recurrent UTIs is seeking advice on prevention. Which recommendation is MOST appropriate?
A patient with a history of recurrent UTIs is seeking advice on prevention. Which recommendation is MOST appropriate?
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized patient with an indwelling urinary catheter. Which intervention is MOST effective in preventing CAUTIs?
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized patient with an indwelling urinary catheter. Which intervention is MOST effective in preventing CAUTIs?
A patient is being discharged after treatment for pyelonephritis. Which discharge instruction is MOST important to emphasize?
A patient is being discharged after treatment for pyelonephritis. Which discharge instruction is MOST important to emphasize?
When sending a urine specimen to the lab for suspected UTI, what information is MOST critical for the nurse to include on the laboratory request form?
When sending a urine specimen to the lab for suspected UTI, what information is MOST critical for the nurse to include on the laboratory request form?
A patient is prescribed ciprofloxacin for a complicated UTI. Which statement indicates the patient understands important teaching points about this medication?
A patient is prescribed ciprofloxacin for a complicated UTI. Which statement indicates the patient understands important teaching points about this medication?
A healthcare facility is experiencing a higher-than-usual incidence of UTIs among its catheterized patients. What is the MOST appropriate initial step in addressing this situation?
A healthcare facility is experiencing a higher-than-usual incidence of UTIs among its catheterized patients. What is the MOST appropriate initial step in addressing this situation?
What is the primary mechanism by which E. coli causes UTIs?
What is the primary mechanism by which E. coli causes UTIs?
Which of the following factors is MOST likely to impair the flushing action of urine flow, thereby increasing UTI risk?
Which of the following factors is MOST likely to impair the flushing action of urine flow, thereby increasing UTI risk?
How does catheterization increase the risk of UTIs?
How does catheterization increase the risk of UTIs?
Why are elderly individuals more susceptible to UTIs compared to younger adults?
Why are elderly individuals more susceptible to UTIs compared to younger adults?
Which of the following is a crucial component of the urinary tract's defense mechanisms against bacterial infections?
Which of the following is a crucial component of the urinary tract's defense mechanisms against bacterial infections?
How can spermicide use increase vulnerability to UTIs?
How can spermicide use increase vulnerability to UTIs?
A patient with diabetes is more susceptible to UTIs due to which of the following factors?
A patient with diabetes is more susceptible to UTIs due to which of the following factors?
Which of the following best describes why women are more prone to UTIs than men?
Which of the following best describes why women are more prone to UTIs than men?
Which symptom, if present with other UTI symptoms, would MOST strongly suggest that the infection has progressed to pyelonephritis?
Which symptom, if present with other UTI symptoms, would MOST strongly suggest that the infection has progressed to pyelonephritis?
A patient with recurrent UTIs is prescribed phenazopyridine. What should the patient be informed about this medication?
A patient with recurrent UTIs is prescribed phenazopyridine. What should the patient be informed about this medication?
A sexually active female reports experiencing frequent UTIs. Besides behavioral modifications, which prophylactic treatment might be considered?
A sexually active female reports experiencing frequent UTIs. Besides behavioral modifications, which prophylactic treatment might be considered?
For a patient experiencing recurrent UTIs, what is the PRIMARY rationale for obtaining a urine culture?
For a patient experiencing recurrent UTIs, what is the PRIMARY rationale for obtaining a urine culture?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the role of cranberry products in preventing UTIs?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the role of cranberry products in preventing UTIs?
In managing recurrent UTIs, probiotics are sometimes recommended. What is the MOST likely rationale for this recommendation?
In managing recurrent UTIs, probiotics are sometimes recommended. What is the MOST likely rationale for this recommendation?
Which of the following would be MOST concerning as a potential long-term complication of recurrent pyelonephritis?
Which of the following would be MOST concerning as a potential long-term complication of recurrent pyelonephritis?
Why is it important to identify the specific bacteria causing a UTI before initiating antibiotic treatment?
Why is it important to identify the specific bacteria causing a UTI before initiating antibiotic treatment?
A patient with recurrent UTIs is concerned about the use of antibiotics. What non-pharmacological measure could reduce the risk of future infections?
A patient with recurrent UTIs is concerned about the use of antibiotics. What non-pharmacological measure could reduce the risk of future infections?
In a postmenopausal woman with recurrent UTIs, what preventative measure might be considered due to the physiological changes associated with menopause?
In a postmenopausal woman with recurrent UTIs, what preventative measure might be considered due to the physiological changes associated with menopause?
What is the rationale behind advising patients to wipe from front to back after using the toilet?
What is the rationale behind advising patients to wipe from front to back after using the toilet?
Why is prompt treatment of UTIs during pregnancy crucial?
Why is prompt treatment of UTIs during pregnancy crucial?
A patient with a history of recurrent UTIs asks about the role of d-mannose in prevention. What information should the nurse provide?
A patient with a history of recurrent UTIs asks about the role of d-mannose in prevention. What information should the nurse provide?
When is a cystoscopy MOST likely to be recommended for a patient with a UTI?
When is a cystoscopy MOST likely to be recommended for a patient with a UTI?
What is one of the primary reasons healthcare costs increase with recurrent UTIs?
What is one of the primary reasons healthcare costs increase with recurrent UTIs?
A patient post-renal surgery exhibits a sudden decrease in urine output accompanied by increasing flank pain. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A patient post-renal surgery exhibits a sudden decrease in urine output accompanied by increasing flank pain. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed a medication known to be nephrotoxic. What is the MOST important nursing action related to this medication?
A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed a medication known to be nephrotoxic. What is the MOST important nursing action related to this medication?
During the assessment of a patient with suspected renal dysfunction, which finding would be MOST indicative of fluid volume overload?
During the assessment of a patient with suspected renal dysfunction, which finding would be MOST indicative of fluid volume overload?
Following a nephrectomy, a patient's serum potassium level is 5.8 mEq/L. Which intervention should the nurse implement FIRST?
Following a nephrectomy, a patient's serum potassium level is 5.8 mEq/L. Which intervention should the nurse implement FIRST?
A patient with a history of kidney stones is being discharged. Which dietary instruction is MOST appropriate to prevent future stone formation?
A patient with a history of kidney stones is being discharged. Which dietary instruction is MOST appropriate to prevent future stone formation?
A patient is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which electrolyte imbalance is the nurse MOST likely to observe?
A patient is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which electrolyte imbalance is the nurse MOST likely to observe?
A patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) is oliguric. The healthcare provider orders intravenous fluids at 125 mL/hr. Which assessment finding would prompt the nurse to question this order?
A patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) is oliguric. The healthcare provider orders intravenous fluids at 125 mL/hr. Which assessment finding would prompt the nurse to question this order?
The nurse is teaching a patient with a newly created arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis. Which statement indicates the patient understands the teaching?
The nurse is teaching a patient with a newly created arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis. Which statement indicates the patient understands the teaching?
Postoperative care for a patient following a nephrectomy includes close monitoring for complications. Which assessment finding is the MOST concerning and warrants immediate intervention?
Postoperative care for a patient following a nephrectomy includes close monitoring for complications. Which assessment finding is the MOST concerning and warrants immediate intervention?
A patient with acute kidney injury is experiencing fluid overload. In addition to restricting fluid intake, which intervention is MOST appropriate to manage this complication?
A patient with acute kidney injury is experiencing fluid overload. In addition to restricting fluid intake, which intervention is MOST appropriate to manage this complication?
A patient's potassium level returns as 6.8 mEq/L. Which of the following interventions is most critical to initiate?
A patient's potassium level returns as 6.8 mEq/L. Which of the following interventions is most critical to initiate?
When educating a patient with chronic kidney disease about managing their sodium intake, which of the following instructions is MOST appropriate?
When educating a patient with chronic kidney disease about managing their sodium intake, which of the following instructions is MOST appropriate?
A patient with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes is diagnosed with early-stage chronic kidney disease. Which of the following educational points is MOST important to emphasize to slow the progression of the disease?
A patient with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes is diagnosed with early-stage chronic kidney disease. Which of the following educational points is MOST important to emphasize to slow the progression of the disease?
A patient is prescribed sodium bicarbonate for the treatment of metabolic acidosis. Which assessment finding would indicate that the treatment is effective?
A patient is prescribed sodium bicarbonate for the treatment of metabolic acidosis. Which assessment finding would indicate that the treatment is effective?
During a routine assessment, a kidney transplant recipient reports taking cyclosporine daily. What additional instruction should the nurse include in this patient's teaching plan, specific to this medication?
During a routine assessment, a kidney transplant recipient reports taking cyclosporine daily. What additional instruction should the nurse include in this patient's teaching plan, specific to this medication?
A patient who has undergone a kidney transplant is being discharged. Which statement indicates the patient understands important aspects of their medication regimen and the need to report signs of organ rejection?
A patient who has undergone a kidney transplant is being discharged. Which statement indicates the patient understands important aspects of their medication regimen and the need to report signs of organ rejection?
Flashcards
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
A bacterial disease, the second most common.
Lower UTI
Lower UTI
Bacteria confined to the lower urinary tract, generally bladder and urethra, causing inflammation.
Upper UTI
Upper UTI
Infection involving the renal parenchyma, renal pelvis, and ureters.
Uncomplicated UTI
Uncomplicated UTI
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Complicated UTI
Complicated UTI
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Initial UTI
Initial UTI
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Recurrent UTI
Recurrent UTI
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Unresolved Bacteriuria
Unresolved Bacteriuria
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Hematuria
Hematuria
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Dysuria
Dysuria
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Intermittency (Urination)
Intermittency (Urination)
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Pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis
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Urosepsis
Urosepsis
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Chronic Pyelonephritis
Chronic Pyelonephritis
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Urethritis
Urethritis
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Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis
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Goodpasture's Syndrome
Goodpasture's Syndrome
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Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome
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Calculus (Kidney Stone)
Calculus (Kidney Stone)
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Lithotripsy
Lithotripsy
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Pyelolithotomy
Pyelolithotomy
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Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
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Flank Pain (UTI)
Flank Pain (UTI)
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Urine Sample Collection
Urine Sample Collection
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UTI Antibiotics
UTI Antibiotics
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Antibiotic Administration
Antibiotic Administration
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Catheter Avoidance
Catheter Avoidance
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Aseptic Technique (Catheters)
Aseptic Technique (Catheters)
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Hydration and UTI Prevention
Hydration and UTI Prevention
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Perineal Hygiene
Perineal Hygiene
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Infection Control
Infection Control
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Dysuria (UTI)
Dysuria (UTI)
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Urinary Frequency/Urgency
Urinary Frequency/Urgency
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Suprapubic Pain
Suprapubic Pain
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Hematuria (UTI)
Hematuria (UTI)
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Fever/Chills (Pyelonephritis)
Fever/Chills (Pyelonephritis)
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Nausea/Vomiting (Pyelonephritis)
Nausea/Vomiting (Pyelonephritis)
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Urinalysis (UTI)
Urinalysis (UTI)
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UTI Pathophysiology
UTI Pathophysiology
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E. coli and UTIs
E. coli and UTIs
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Bacterial Adhesins
Bacterial Adhesins
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Urine Flow Defense
Urine Flow Defense
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Female Anatomy & UTIs
Female Anatomy & UTIs
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Urinary Obstruction & UTIs
Urinary Obstruction & UTIs
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Sexual Activity & UTIs
Sexual Activity & UTIs
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Catheterization & UTIs
Catheterization & UTIs
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Frequent Urination (UTI)
Frequent Urination (UTI)
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Urgency (UTI)
Urgency (UTI)
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Cloudy Urine (UTI)
Cloudy Urine (UTI)
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Strong-Smelling Urine (UTI)
Strong-Smelling Urine (UTI)
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Pelvic Pain (UTI)
Pelvic Pain (UTI)
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Flank Pain (Pyelonephritis)
Flank Pain (Pyelonephritis)
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Fever (UTI)
Fever (UTI)
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Mental Changes (UTI)
Mental Changes (UTI)
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Dipstick Test (UTI)
Dipstick Test (UTI)
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Antibiotics (UTI Treatment)
Antibiotics (UTI Treatment)
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Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
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Increased Fluid Intake (UTI)
Increased Fluid Intake (UTI)
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Wipe Front to Back
Wipe Front to Back
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Acute/Surgical Renal Conditions
Acute/Surgical Renal Conditions
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Nursing Care: Renal Conditions
Nursing Care: Renal Conditions
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Nephron Function
Nephron Function
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Urine Formation Steps
Urine Formation Steps
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Glomerular Filtration
Glomerular Filtration
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Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Reabsorption
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Hormones Regulating Kidneys
Hormones Regulating Kidneys
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Nephrotoxic Drugs
Nephrotoxic Drugs
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Fluid Balance Monitoring
Fluid Balance Monitoring
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Fluid and Electrolyte Correction
Fluid and Electrolyte Correction
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Electrolyte Level Monitoring
Electrolyte Level Monitoring
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Potassium & Sodium Imbalance Effects
Potassium & Sodium Imbalance Effects
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Electrolyte Replacement Methods
Electrolyte Replacement Methods
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Renal Patient Education
Renal Patient Education
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Medication Education
Medication Education
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Dialysis Education
Dialysis Education
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Study Notes
Renal and Ureteral Surgery (Preoperative and Postoperative Management)
- Preoperative management involves ensuring adequate fluid and electrolyte balance
- Postoperative management involves monitoring urine output, respiratory status, and abdominal distension
Laparoscopic Nephrectomy
- Performed using 5 puncture sites
- Results in less pain, shorter hospital stay, faster recovery, and no sutures/staples compared to conventional nephrectomy
Urinary Diversion Techniques and Bladder Substitutes
- Include incontinent urinary diversion, continent urinary diversion (catheterized by the client), and orthotopic bladder.
Urinary Diversion (Incontinent)
- Involves diversion to the skin, which requires an appliance.
- The most common procedure is the ileal conduit (ileal loop).
- A disadvantage is the visible stoma and external collection devices.
Urinary Diversion (Continent)
- An intra-abdominal urinary reservoir can be catheterizable or has an outlet controlled by the anal sphincter
- Internal pouches are created similarly to the ileal conduit
- The client self-catheterizes every 4-6 hours without needing to wear external attachments
Preoperative and Postoperative Nursing Management
- Teaching programs are initiated during the preoperative phase
- Surgical complications such as post-op atelectasis and shock need to be prevented during the postoperative phase alongside potential stoma injuries
- Management during the post operative phase involves managing urine output and potential mucus build up in the urine from the surgical process alongside skin treatments.
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