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Questions and Answers

Which material was NOT commonly used by Ilocanos and T'boli for weaving intricate textiles?

Silk (correct)
Cotton
Piña
Abaca

Archaeological findings suggest pre-colonial Filipinos engaged in regional trade. Which cultural influence is evident in ceramics found in the Philippines?

Egyptian
Vietnamese (correct)
Roman
Greek

The Banaue Rice Terraces exemplify the Ifugao people's advanced skills in what areas?

Metallurgy and astronomy
Navigation and shipbuilding
Weaponry and military strategy
Engineering and environmental management (correct)

What was the Rajahnate of Butuan particularly known for during the pre-colonial period?

Gold and metalwork (D) Signup and view all the answers

Pre-colonial maritime kingdoms leveraged the Philippines' geography to engage in what primary activity?

Maritime trade (A) Signup and view all the answers

What crucial role did the maritime kingdoms of the Philippines play in regional commerce?

Intermediaries in regional and global trade (A) Signup and view all the answers

What historical period spurred urban expansion and the rise of states driven by maritime trade in the Philippines?

The Age of Commerce (D) Signup and view all the answers

Besides trade, what other significant exchanges were facilitated by the maritime kingdoms of the Philippines?

Ideas, religions, and technologies (B) Signup and view all the answers

In pre-colonial Philippine society, what was the primary responsibility of a datu?

To govern and protect the barangay. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did the 'timawa' differ from the 'alipin' in pre-colonial Philippine society?

The 'timawa' were free non-elite members, while the 'alipin' were servants or enslaved individuals. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main distinction between an 'aliping namamahay' and an 'aliping sagigilid'?

An 'aliping namamahay' lived independently and had more freedom, while an 'aliping sagigilid' lived in the master's house and had fewer freedoms. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of women in pre-colonial Philippine society?

Women played crucial roles as caregivers, weavers, and agricultural workers and were also involved in trade. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role did festivals play in pre-colonial Philippine communities?

Festivals brought the community together, serving as a way to honor deities or ancestors and celebrate harvests and significant events. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'balangay,' from which the word barangay is derived, refer to?

A type of traditional plank boat used by early Filipinos. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In pre-colonial Philippine society, what was the typical role of men within the family unit?

Typically served as hunters, fishermen, or warriors, providing food and protection. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did children learn skills and values in pre-colonial Philippine society?

Through observation and participation in daily tasks with their elders. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did the bayanihan spirit manifest in precolonial Filipino communities, and what does it signify?

Through communal unity in activities like house-moving, symbolizing cooperation and mutual support. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what ways did precolonial Filipino societies ensure equitable access to resources within their barangays?

Through collective management of land and resources, ensuring everyone had access to necessities. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role did oral traditions play in precolonial Filipino society, and what types of information were typically transmitted through these means?

Oral traditions were the main way of preserving and passing on cultural knowledge, values, and history through stories, songs, and proverbs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did trade missions between Filipino rulers and Chinese traders during the Song and Ming dynasties typically function, and what items were commonly exchanged?

Filipino rulers engaged in trade with Chinese traders, exchanging gold for silk and spices. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What evidence suggests notable influence from Indian traders on the precolonial Philippines, and what specific impacts did they have?

The presence of Hindu-Buddhist artifacts, such as the Golden Tara of Agusan, and the introduction of cotton textiles and glass beads point to significant Indian influence. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role did trade with Southeast Asian empires like Srivijaya and Majapahit play in the precolonial Philippines, and what goods were typically exchanged?

Filipino traders exchanged local products like beeswax, rattan, and gold for iron tools, spices, and pottery from Southeast Asia. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did the concept of barter function in the precolonial Philippines, and what factors contributed to its prevalence?

Barter was the primary method of trade due to the absence of a standardized monetary system. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What were piloncitos, and how were they utilized in precolonial Filipino trade and economy?

Piloncitos were considered the earliest form of coinage in the Philippines, used in trade transactions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did Cebu's geographical location contribute to its pre-colonial economic importance?

Its central location among neighboring islands facilitated trade and redistribution. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Council of Elders play in the pre-colonial barangay governance?

They advised the datu on proposed laws and governance matters. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary function of the umalohokan in a pre-colonial barangay?

To announce new laws and edicts to the community. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Code of Kalantiaw considered historically significant, despite questions about its authenticity?

It symbolizes pre-colonial Filipino legal traditions and concepts of justice. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor most commonly triggered conflicts between pre-colonial barangays?

Competition over resources, territories, and political influence. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the social structure within a pre-colonial barangay?

A hierarchical system with distinctions between datus, nobles, freemen, and slaves. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did the role of the datu extend beyond purely political or military leadership?

They served as intermediaries between the divine and the people, possessing spiritual authority. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In what way did pre-colonial Cebu engage in trade with other entities?

Cebu exchanged agricultural goods and forest products with neighboring islands and foreign merchants, including Chinese, for goods like porcelain and silk. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did pre-colonial barangays primarily foster alliances to mitigate conflicts arising from territorial and resource disputes?

Through blood compacts, intermarriage, and trade agreements to create mutual defense and cooperation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Confederation of Madja-as significant in the pre-colonial Visayas region?

It united multiple barangays for mutual defense and economic cooperation, enhancing their collective power. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation behind the formation of the Confederation of Madja-as?

To provide refuge for datus fleeing oppressive rulers and to ensure mutual defense and cooperation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Considering the function and design of the Kampilan, how did it offer a tactical advantage in pre-colonial warfare?

Its long, curved blade and single cutting edge optimized it for powerful strikes in close combat. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the Kris differ from other pre-colonial weapons, such as the Kampilan, in terms of function and cultural significance?

The Kris was mainly a stabbing weapon with spiritual significance, while the Kampilan was designed for powerful cutting strokes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did pre-colonial Filipinos utilize shields in combat, and what materials were commonly used in their construction?

Shields were often made from hardwood, buffalo hide, or woven rattan to withstand arrows and spears. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role did bows and arrows play in the lives of pre-colonial Filipinos, particularly among indigenous groups like the Agta?

Bows and arrows were used extensively for hunting and warfare. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did the design of the Kris reflect social status or spiritual beliefs within pre-colonial Filipino society?

The number of waves on the Kris blade often indicated the owner's social status or spiritual associations. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In precolonial society, what was the primary significance of the bigay-kaya (dowry) provided by the groom's family?

It symbolized the groom's capability to provide for his new family and strengthened social alliances. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did the social and political autonomy of women in precolonial society differ from that in colonial times?

Women in precolonial society possessed property rights, could inherit wealth, and influenced decision-making, unlike the restrictions imposed during colonial times. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role did women NOT play in precolonial society?

Sole arbiters in legal disputes, without male involvement. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of Babaylans in precolonial society?

They acted as spiritual leaders, healers, and advisors, wielding influence in both spiritual and societal matters. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did marriage customs in precolonial society contribute to community strength and stability?

Marriage strengthened alliances between families and communities, symbolizing unity, prosperity, and family bonds. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the transition from 'Babaylan to Beata' signify in the context of religious changes during the colonial period?

It symbolizes the replacement of indigenous spiritual leadership roles held by women with roles influenced by Hispanic culture, diminishing their societal power. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did women's freedom of movement in precolonial society compare to that during colonial times?

Women experienced greater mobility and participation in economic and social activities during precolonial times. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In precolonial society, how did women's involvement in dowry negotiations highlight their agency?

Women had agency in ensuring fairness in dowry negotiations, reinforcing their status and rights. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bayanihan Spirit

Filipino value of communal unity and cooperation, seen in activities like helping neighbors move houses.

Shared Resources

The practice of managing land and resources collectively within a barangay to ensure access for everyone.

Oral Traditions

Preserving and passing down cultural knowledge, values, and history through stories, songs, proverbs, and epics.

Trade with China

Filipino rulers traded with Chinese merchants in ports like Guangzhou and Quanzhou for goods like silk and spices.