Nonspecific and Specific Immunity
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Questions and Answers

What is the state of non-specific and specific protection?

  • Immunity (correct)
  • Infection
  • Defense mechanism
  • Immune response

What is the first line of defense against infectious agents?

  • Intact skin (correct)
  • Antibodies
  • Lymphocytes
  • Phagocytic white blood cells

What is the function of sweat in the intact skin?

  • To produce oil layer
  • To produce antibacterial enzymes
  • To create high salt conditions (correct)
  • To produce fatty acids

What is the term for the process by which normal flora prevent other microorganisms from establishing an infection?

<p>Competitive exclusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysozyme in the intact skin?

<p>To produce antibacterial enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the non-specific defense mechanisms?

<p>Innate immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cilia in the nonspecific defense mechanisms?

<p>To trap microorganisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which phagocytic white blood cells engulf and digest foreign particles?

<p>Phagocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the inflammatory response?

<p>To fight against infection by increasing blood flow and white blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the third line of defense?

<p>Lymphocytes and antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immune Response and Immunity

  • The immune response consists of two types: innate (non-specific) and adaptive or acquired (specific)

Defense Mechanisms

  • Immunity is a state of non-specific and specific protection
  • Defense mechanisms can be classified into three lines of defense:
    • First line of defense: skin, cilia, and physiological factors
    • Second line of defense: phagocytic white blood cells, inflammatory response, and antimicrobial substances
    • Third line of defense: lymphocytes and antibodies

Nonspecific (Natural, Innate) Immunity

  • First line of defense against infectious agents
  • Composed of structural barriers, including:
    • Intact skin
    • Cilia
    • Physiological factors
  • Intact skin provides a barrier due to:
    • Closely packed cells
    • Multiple layering
    • Continuous shedding of cells
    • Presence of keratin
  • Skin conditions that inhibit microorganisms:
    • High salt conditions from sweat
    • Antibacterial enzyme (lysozyme)
    • Oil layer, fatty acids, and acid pH
  • Normal flora prevents infection through "competitive exclusion"

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Description

This quiz covers the concepts of innate and adaptive immune responses, defense mechanisms, and the states of non-specific and specific protection.

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