Nonspecific and Specific Immunity

What is the state of non-specific and specific protection?

What is the first line of defense against infectious agents?

What is the function of sweat in the intact skin?

What is the term for the process by which normal flora prevent other microorganisms from establishing an infection?

What is the function of lysozyme in the intact skin?

What is the term for the non-specific defense mechanisms?

What is the function of cilia in the nonspecific defense mechanisms?

What is the term for the process by which phagocytic white blood cells engulf and digest foreign particles?

What is the function of the inflammatory response?

What is the third line of defense?

The immune response consists of two types: innate (non-specific) and adaptive or acquired (specific)

Immunity is a state of non-specific and specific protection
Defense mechanisms can be classified into three lines of defense:
- First line of defense: skin, cilia, and physiological factors
- Second line of defense: phagocytic white blood cells, inflammatory response, and antimicrobial substances
- Third line of defense: lymphocytes and antibodies

First line of defense against infectious agents
Composed of structural barriers, including:
- Intact skin
- Cilia
- Physiological factors
Intact skin provides a barrier due to:
- Closely packed cells
- Multiple layering
- Continuous shedding of cells
- Presence of keratin
Skin conditions that inhibit microorganisms:
- High salt conditions from sweat
- Antibacterial enzyme (lysozyme)
- Oil layer, fatty acids, and acid pH
Normal flora prevents infection through "competitive exclusion"