Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of convenience sampling?
Which sampling method involves subjects identifying other potential participants?
In which type of sampling are strata formed and then sampled using convenience methods?
What is the aim of systematic sampling?
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What factor is NOT considered when determining sample size?
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Which formula is used to estimate optimum sample size when considering the margin of error?
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Which sampling technique is characterized by the selection of large groupings of units?
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What is a common percentage used for sample size in descriptive studies?
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What is one of the primary uses of existing data gathered from non-research purposes?
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Which method is most widely used for data collection by nurse researchers?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of using self-report data?
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What is one purpose of conducting a literature review in research?
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Why is it important to determine gaps or inconsistencies in prior research during a literature review?
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What type of intervention can be identified through the literature review process?
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Study Notes
Methods of Non-Probability Sampling
- Convenience Sampling: Utilizes readily available subjects for sample selection; involves accidental sampling and snowball/network sampling.
- Snowball Sampling: Initial subjects identify other potential eligible participants; useful in hard-to-reach populations.
- Quota Sampling: Researcher sets specific population strata and proportions; samples are obtained through convenience sampling (e.g., a sample with 15% males and 85% females).
- Purposive Sampling: Involves handpicking subjects based on the researcher's understanding of the population; also known as judgment sampling.
- Theoretical/Thematic Sampling: Focuses on in-depth qualitative research; ensures representation of relevant themes related to the studied phenomenon.
Methods of Probability Sampling
- Simple Random Sampling: Elements are selected randomly from a defined sampling frame.
- Stratified Random Sampling: Population is divided into strata; samples are randomly taken within each subgroup for enhanced representativeness.
- Cluster Sampling/Multi-Stage Sampling: Involves successive random sampling of large group units; clusters can be selected through simple or stratified methods.
- Systematic Sampling: Every nth case is selected from a list (e.g., every 10th person); provides a systematic approach to sampling.
Sample Size Considerations
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Design Type Impact:
- Descriptive Studies require 10% of the population (min 20% for smaller populations).
- Correlation Studies generally use 30 subjects.
- Experimental Studies typically require 15 subjects per group.
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Sampling Procedure and Formula:
- Various formulas such as Slovin’s formula help estimate the optimum sample size.
- Rule of 30 suggests a minimum of 30 subjects.
- Rule of 10 indicates 10 samples for each variable in study.
- Influencing factors include desired precision, population heterogeneity, frequency of the phenomenon, and cost associated with the sampling strategy.
Empirical Phase
- Data Collection: This phase involves gathering information relevant to the research.
Data Collection Methods
- Existing Data Usage: Leverages pre-existing data sources for research, including hospital records, patient charts, and reports.
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Self-Reports: Commonly used in both quantitative and qualitative research; data can be gathered through interviews or questionnaires.
- Provides direct and versatile data but may face validity issues due to participants' reluctance to disclose private information.
Review of Related Literature
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Literature Review Purposes:
- Helps identify research problems and refine research questions/hypotheses.
- Assesses existing literature for gaps or inconsistencies.
- Evaluates the need for replication in different settings to strengthen theories.
- Informs the development of new clinical interventions.
- Aids in selecting appropriate research designs and data collection methods.
- Identifies experts in the relevant field for further collaboration or insight.
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Description
This quiz covers various methods of sampling, including both non-probability and probability methods. Learn about techniques such as convenience sampling, snowball sampling, and simple random sampling, among others. Test your knowledge to see how well you understand these essential research concepts.
