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Questions and Answers
Microtubules have a diameter of 6 nm.
Microtubules have a diameter of 6 nm.
False (B)
Which of the following components is NOT part of the cytoskeleton?
Which of the following components is NOT part of the cytoskeleton?
- Ribosomes (correct)
- Microtubules
- Intermediate filaments
- Microfilaments
What are the two protein subunits that make up a microtubule?
What are the two protein subunits that make up a microtubule?
α and β tubulin
Microfilaments are also known as ______.
Microfilaments are also known as ______.
Match the following organelles with their primary functions:
Match the following organelles with their primary functions:
What is one of the functions of the centrosome?
What is one of the functions of the centrosome?
List one function of ribosomes.
List one function of ribosomes.
Intermediate filaments are the largest component of the cytoskeleton.
Intermediate filaments are the largest component of the cytoskeleton.
Which of the following is a function of lamins?
Which of the following is a function of lamins?
Vimentin is predominantly found in epithelial cells.
Vimentin is predominantly found in epithelial cells.
What are ribosomes composed of?
What are ribosomes composed of?
The _______ are known as the major intermediate filaments of neurons.
The _______ are known as the major intermediate filaments of neurons.
Match the following intermediate filament proteins with their primary cell types:
Match the following intermediate filament proteins with their primary cell types:
What is the primary role of ribosomes in a cell?
What is the primary role of ribosomes in a cell?
Keratins form large bundles called tonofibrils in muscle cells.
Keratins form large bundles called tonofibrils in muscle cells.
Which intermediate filament protein is found in neural stem cells?
Which intermediate filament protein is found in neural stem cells?
What is found in the nuclear envelope and assists in nuclear assembly?
What is found in the nuclear envelope and assists in nuclear assembly?
What is the primary function of free polyribosomes?
What is the primary function of free polyribosomes?
Proteasomes are associated with membranes and are involved in the digestion of organelles.
Proteasomes are associated with membranes and are involved in the digestion of organelles.
What are the cylindrical structures within a centrosome called?
What are the cylindrical structures within a centrosome called?
During mitosis, the centrosome divides into halves, which move to opposite _____ of the cell.
During mitosis, the centrosome divides into halves, which move to opposite _____ of the cell.
Match the following cellular components with their respective functions:
Match the following cellular components with their respective functions:
Which of the following is NOT a function of the centrosome?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the centrosome?
Bound polyribosomes are involved in the synthesis of proteins that are secreted from the cell.
Bound polyribosomes are involved in the synthesis of proteins that are secreted from the cell.
What structural feature differentiates the two cylindrical centrioles within the centrosome?
What structural feature differentiates the two cylindrical centrioles within the centrosome?
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Study Notes
Cytoskeleton Components
- Microtubules are 6 nm in diameter.
- Microtubules are made up of two protein subunits: alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin.
- Microfilaments are also known as actin filaments.
- The cytoskeleton is made up of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
- Ribosomes are not part of the cytoskeleton.
Centrosomes
- One function of the centrosome is to organize microtubules.
Ribosomes
- Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
Intermediate Filaments
- Intermediate filaments are the largest component of the cytoskeleton.
- Lamins in the nucleus provide structural support and regulate DNA replication and transcription.
- Vimentin is found in connective tissue, muscle cells, and glial cells.
- Neurofilaments are the major intermediate filaments of neurons.
- Keratins are found in epithelial cells.
- Nestin is found in neural stem cells
Ribosomes
- Ribosomes consist of ribosomal RNA and proteins.
Polyribosomes
- Free polyribosomes synthesize proteins that function within the cytosol.
- Bound polyribosomes synthesize proteins that are secreted from the cell.
Proteasomes
- Proteasomes are associated with membranes and are involved in the digestion of organelles.
Centrosomes
- The cylindrical structures within a centrosome are called centrioles.
- During mitosis, centrioles divide into halves, which move to opposite poles of the cell.
Centriole Structure
- The two cylindrical centrioles within the centrosome are arranged at right angles to each other.
- Centrioles are made of microtubules.
Centrosome Function
- The centrosome is involved in the organization of microtubules.
- The centrosome is also involved in the formation of cilia and flagella.
- The centrosome is involved in cell division.
- The centrosome does not synthesize proteins.
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