Non-Membranous Organelles and Cytoskeleton
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Non-Membranous Organelles and Cytoskeleton

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Questions and Answers

Microtubules have a diameter of 6 nm.

False

Which of the following components is NOT part of the cytoskeleton?

  • Ribosomes (correct)
  • Microtubules
  • Intermediate filaments
  • Microfilaments

    • What are the two protein subunits that make up a microtubule?

    α and β tubulin

    Microfilaments are also known as ______.

    <p>actin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organelles with their primary functions:

    <p>Microtubules = Maintain cell shape and transport Microfilaments = Muscle contraction Centrosome = Organizes microtubules Ribosomes = Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of the centrosome?

    <p>Organizing microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one function of ribosomes.

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intermediate filaments are the largest component of the cytoskeleton.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of lamins?

    <p>Maintain nuclear shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vimentin is predominantly found in epithelial cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ribosomes composed of?

    <p>Ribosomal RNA and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ are known as the major intermediate filaments of neurons.

    <p>neurofilament proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following intermediate filament proteins with their primary cell types:

    <p>Acidic cytokeratin = Epithelial cells Desmin = Muscle cells GFAP = Astrocytes Vimentin = Mesenchymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Keratins form large bundles called tonofibrils in muscle cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intermediate filament protein is found in neural stem cells?

    <p>Nestin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found in the nuclear envelope and assists in nuclear assembly?

    <p>Lamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of free polyribosomes?

    <p>Synthesize cytoplasmic proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteasomes are associated with membranes and are involved in the digestion of organelles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cylindrical structures within a centrosome called?

    <p>Centrioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During mitosis, the centrosome divides into halves, which move to opposite _____ of the cell.

    <p>poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cellular components with their respective functions:

    <p>Ribosomes = Translate mRNA Centrosomes = Organize microtubules for mitosis Proteasomes = Degrade short-lived proteins Polyribosomes = Synthesize proteins from mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the centrosome?

    <p>Synthesizes cytoplasmic proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bound polyribosomes are involved in the synthesis of proteins that are secreted from the cell.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature differentiates the two cylindrical centrioles within the centrosome?

    <p>They are arranged at right angles to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cytoskeleton Components

    • Microtubules are 6 nm in diameter.
    • Microtubules are made up of two protein subunits: alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin.
    • Microfilaments are also known as actin filaments.
    • The cytoskeleton is made up of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
    • Ribosomes are not part of the cytoskeleton.

    Centrosomes

    • One function of the centrosome is to organize microtubules.

    Ribosomes

    • Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

    Intermediate Filaments

    • Intermediate filaments are the largest component of the cytoskeleton.
    • Lamins in the nucleus provide structural support and regulate DNA replication and transcription.
    • Vimentin is found in connective tissue, muscle cells, and glial cells.
    • Neurofilaments are the major intermediate filaments of neurons.
    • Keratins are found in epithelial cells.
    • Nestin is found in neural stem cells

    Ribosomes

    • Ribosomes consist of ribosomal RNA and proteins.

    Polyribosomes

    • Free polyribosomes synthesize proteins that function within the cytosol.
    • Bound polyribosomes synthesize proteins that are secreted from the cell.

    Proteasomes

    • Proteasomes are associated with membranes and are involved in the digestion of organelles.

    Centrosomes

    • The cylindrical structures within a centrosome are called centrioles.
    • During mitosis, centrioles divide into halves, which move to opposite poles of the cell.

    Centriole Structure

    • The two cylindrical centrioles within the centrosome are arranged at right angles to each other.
    • Centrioles are made of microtubules.

    Centrosome Function

    • The centrosome is involved in the organization of microtubules.
    • The centrosome is also involved in the formation of cilia and flagella.
    • The centrosome is involved in cell division.
    • The centrosome does not synthesize proteins.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of non-membranous organelles, including the cytoskeleton and its components like microtubules. Understand their structure, functions, and significance in cellular processes. This quiz will test your knowledge of these vital cellular structures.

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