26 Questions
Which type of arthritis is characterized by inflammation of one or more joints?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What is the main function of synovial fluid in a joint?
Lubricates the joint
Which connective tissue surrounds the ends of bones in a joint?
Articular cartilage
What is the main characteristic of non-inflammatory arthropathies?
Diseases of the joints without inflammation
Which type of arthritis is associated with the presence of uric acid crystals in joints?
Gout
Which part of the joint secretes synovial fluid?
Synovium
What is the most common arthropathy affecting the US population?
Osteoarthritis
Which autoimmune disease affects 1-2% of the adult population?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What is a risk factor for osteoarthritis?
Obesity
Which type of arthritis has a classic triad of symptoms involving the eyes, urinary system, and joints?
Reactive arthritis
What is a characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis?
Autoimmune destruction of the joints
What is a symptom of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Joint stiffness and limited range of motion
What causes acute episodes of painful joint inflammation in gout?
Uric acid buildup
What is a diagnostic method for gout?
Serology, urinalysis, and synovial fluid aspiration
Which type of arthritis affects approximately 1 in 1000 children?
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
What are risk factors for gout?
Genetics and renal disease
What is the prevalence of Ankylosing Spondylitis?
0.25%
What percentage of patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis are HLA-B27 positive?
90%
What is the most common ocular manifestation in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Acute anterior uveitis
What percentage of patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis have a family history as a risk factor?
~25%
What percentage of cases of Reactive Arthritis resolve with no long-term complications?
~80-85%
What is the triad found in approximately 33% of cases involving Reactive Arthritis?
"Can’t climb a tree", lower extremities, acute anterior uveitis
What is the most common gender prevalence in Ankylosing Spondylitis?
M > F (3X)
What percentage of patients with Psoriatic Arthropathy are HLA-B27 positive?
20-40%
Which inflammatory arthropathy is associated with Crohn’s Disease in 50-60% of cases?
Ankylosing Spondylitis
What is the underlying spondylarthropathy in 84% of cases for patients who have iritis and are HLA-B27 positive?
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Study Notes
Common Types of Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases
- Osteoarthritis is the most common arthropathy affecting 10-13% of the US population, with knee and hip joints being most commonly affected.
- Risk factors for osteoarthritis include obesity, autoimmune diseases, increased age, previous joint injury, and repetitive motion.
- Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that affects 1-2% of the adult population, with a higher prevalence in women and an average onset between 20-30 years.
- Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by autoimmune destruction of the joints, leading to joint deformity and reduced life expectancy.
- Diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis involves lab tests for rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, antinuclear antibody, and HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR4.
- Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis includes disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, biologics, anti-inflammatories, physical therapy, exercise, and surgery.
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common childhood arthritis, affecting approximately 1 in 1000 children, with onset before 16 years and a higher prevalence in females.
- Symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis include joint stiffness, limited range of motion, systemic symptoms, and ocular manifestations such as anterior uveitis.
- Gout is characterized by acute episodes of painful joint inflammation caused by uric acid buildup, affecting 3 million cases in the US, with a higher prevalence in men and in African Americans.
- Risk factors for gout include age, sex, genetics, renal disease, diet, obesity, and systemic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.
- Diagnosis of gout involves serology, urinalysis, and synovial fluid aspiration, and treatment aims to reduce pain, inflammation, and uric acid levels through medication and dietary modifications.
- Reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter's syndrome, is an inflammatory arthritis occurring after genitourinary or gastrointestinal infection, with a higher prevalence in men and a classic triad of symptoms involving the eyes, urinary system, and joints.
This lecture covers the pathophysiology, clinical findings, and diagnostic principles related to non-inflammatory arthropathies such as osteoarthritis. It also includes an understanding of inflammatory arthropathies like rheumatoid arthritis, JIA, gout, and spondylarthropathies.
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