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Questions and Answers
At what age are non-germ cell tumors typically found in?
At what age are non-germ cell tumors typically found in?
Younger boys
What are the types of sex cord-stromal tumors?
What are the types of sex cord-stromal tumors?
Which pathologies can be associated with non-germ cell tumors?
Which pathologies can be associated with non-germ cell tumors?
Sertoli cell tumors are extremely common.
Sertoli cell tumors are extremely common.
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What are the clinical signs and symptoms of a Sertoli cell tumor?
What are the clinical signs and symptoms of a Sertoli cell tumor?
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What is the sonographic appearance of a Sertoli cell tumor?
What is the sonographic appearance of a Sertoli cell tumor?
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Choriocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive tumor.
Choriocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive tumor.
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What are the clinical signs and symptoms of a choriocarcinoma?
What are the clinical signs and symptoms of a choriocarcinoma?
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Leydig cell tumors are common.
Leydig cell tumors are common.
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What are the clinical signs and symptoms of a Leydig cell tumor?
What are the clinical signs and symptoms of a Leydig cell tumor?
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Granulosa cell tumors are common and typically occur in the absence of chromosomal abnormalities.
Granulosa cell tumors are common and typically occur in the absence of chromosomal abnormalities.
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What is a risk factor for the development of a Granulosa cell tumor?
What is a risk factor for the development of a Granulosa cell tumor?
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What are the clinical signs and symptoms of a Granulosa cell tumor?
What are the clinical signs and symptoms of a Granulosa cell tumor?
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What is the sonographic appearance of a Granulosa cell tumor?
What is the sonographic appearance of a Granulosa cell tumor?
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What is an orchiectomy?
What is an orchiectomy?
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Lymphoma and leukemia are primary testicular tumors.
Lymphoma and leukemia are primary testicular tumors.
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What percentage of all testicular tumors are malignant lymphoma tumors?
What percentage of all testicular tumors are malignant lymphoma tumors?
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What is the most common bilateral secondary testicular neoplasm affecting men over 60 years old?
What is the most common bilateral secondary testicular neoplasm affecting men over 60 years old?
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Leukemia involvement of the testicle is the most common secondary testicular neoplasm.
Leukemia involvement of the testicle is the most common secondary testicular neoplasm.
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In what age group is leukemia involvement of the testicle most often found?
In what age group is leukemia involvement of the testicle most often found?
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What percentage of children with leukemia have testicular involvement?
What percentage of children with leukemia have testicular involvement?
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What are the clinical signs and symptoms of leukemia involving the testicle?
What are the clinical signs and symptoms of leukemia involving the testicle?
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How do testes appear sonographically in cases of lymphoma and leukemia?
How do testes appear sonographically in cases of lymphoma and leukemia?
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What sonographic appearance is associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
What sonographic appearance is associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
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Metastasis to the testicle is common, especially in younger individuals.
Metastasis to the testicle is common, especially in younger individuals.
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What are the primary sources of metastases to the testicle?
What are the primary sources of metastases to the testicle?
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Which of the following are less common sources of metastasis to the testicle?
Which of the following are less common sources of metastasis to the testicle?
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What sonographic findings are associated with metastasis to the testicle?
What sonographic findings are associated with metastasis to the testicle?
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Study Notes
Non-Germ Cell Tumors of the Scrotum
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Age of onset: Typically younger boys.
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Types: Sex cord-stromal tumors, including Leydig cell tumors, Sertoli cell tumors, and Granulosa cell tumors.
Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor Types
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Sertoli Cell Tumor: Extremely rare. Clinically presents with estrogen production and gynecomastia (breast tissue development). Sonographically, it appears hypoechoic and hypervascular.
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Leydig Cell Tumor: Uncommon. Characterized by increased testosterone levels and virilization (pseudoprecocious puberty).
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Granulosa Cell Tumor: Rare, often associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Risk factor is chromosomal abnormalities. Clinical presentation may show palpatable mass without elevated hormones. Sonographically appears hypoechoic and hypervascular.
Other Associated Pathologies
- Lymphoma: 1% to 7% of all testicular tumors, most common in men over 60, frequently bilateral.
- Leukemia: The next most common secondary testicular neoplasm, more often found in children. 8% of children with leukemia have testicular involvement. Clinical symptoms include weight loss, anorexia, weakness, and an enlarged testicle. Sonographic findings may show homogenous hypoechogenicity or focal decreased echogenicity. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia might present as a well-circumscribed, anechoic mass with enhanced vascularity.
- Metastasis: Rare, usually appearing later in life. Originates from other cancers (e.g., prostate, kidney, lung, pancreas, bladder, colon, thyroid, or melanoma). Sonographically, the mass might be hyperechoic, solid, hypoechoic, or a mixture of echogenicities.
General Information
- Orchiectomy: Removal of the entire testicle.
- Chorioncarcinoma: A rare, aggressive tumor, characterized by palpable mass and elevated hCG levels.
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Description
Explore the types and characteristics of non-germ cell tumors affecting the scrotum, including Sertoli, Leydig, and Granulosa cell tumors. Understand their age of onset, clinical presentations, and associated pathologies such as lymphoma and leukemia. This quiz delves into the critical aspects of these rare tumors in younger boys.
