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Questions and Answers
Which type of questions allows respondents to provide their own answers?
What is a significant advantage of using surveys in research?
What is meant by the reliability of a survey?
What is the distinction between a population and a sample in survey research?
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In survey design, which aspect refers to how the arrangement of answers can affect responses?
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What is a characteristic of probability sampling?
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Which sampling method is used when specific subgroups need to be represented?
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What defines nonprobability sampling?
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Which method involves selecting every nth individual from a list after a random start?
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In which sampling technique are individuals selected based on their connection with other participants?
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What is the main goal of stratified random sampling?
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Which of the following best describes purposive sampling?
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What is a disadvantage of convenience sampling?
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Study Notes
Surveys
- Surveys collect information on people's opinions, attitudes, preferences, and behaviors through direct questioning.
- Various formats include written questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, mail, computer, internet, telephone surveys, and focus group discussions.
Advantages of Surveys
- Effective for gathering data on sensitive topics.
- Helps infer behavior trends based on responses.
- Compatible with numerous research designs in fields and laboratories.
- Capable of collecting large data volumes in shorter timeframes.
Important Considerations in Surveys
- Utilize open-ended or closed questions to gather diverse data.
- Consider the levels of measurement for response recording.
- Be aware of response styles that may bias replies.
- Understand factors affecting willingness to respond, such as answer arrangement and manifest content.
- Recognize potential tendencies such as yea-saying or nay-saying.
Reliability and Validity
- Reliability assesses consistency and repeatability of survey responses.
- Responses to similar questions should yield consistent results.
- Consistent findings across different survey admins and repeated measures for the same individual indicate reliability.
- Validity measures how well a survey captures the intended topic.
Sampling
- Distinguishes between population (entire group) and sample (subset for data gathering).
- Representative samples enable accurate generalization to the population.
Probability vs. Nonprobability Sampling
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Probability Sampling: Each individual in the population has a known probability of being selected.
- Types include simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster random sampling.
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Nonprobability Sampling: Individual probabilities cannot be established, selection based on convenience or specific criteria.
- Types include quota sampling, convenience sampling, purposive sampling, and snowball sampling.
Interviews
- Can be conducted face-to-face, in one-on-one settings, or through focus group discussions.
- Typically employed by qualitative researchers to delve into individual experiences, attitudes, or opinions.
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Description
Explore the world of non-experimental designs with a focus on surveys and interviews. This quiz covers various methods of gathering information about people's opinions, attitudes, preferences, and behaviors. Learn the advantages and unique aspects of different survey formats.
