Non-experimental Designs: Surveys and Interviews
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Questions and Answers

Which type of questions allows respondents to provide their own answers?

  • Closed questions
  • Rating scale questions
  • Open-ended questions (correct)
  • Multiple-choice questions

    • What is a significant advantage of using surveys in research?

  • They provide absolute certainty in results.
  • They only focus on quantitative data.
  • They are the only method for collecting data.
  • They can gather large amounts of information quickly. (correct)

    • What is meant by the reliability of a survey?

  • The number of participants surveyed.
  • The survey yielding different results over time.
  • The consistency of responses in similar situations. (correct)
  • The survey's ability to measure the intended topic.

    • What is the distinction between a population and a sample in survey research?

    <p>A population is the entire group of interest, while a sample is a subset of that group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In survey design, which aspect refers to how the arrangement of answers can affect responses?

    <p>Position preference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of probability sampling?

    <p>Each individual has an equal chance of being selected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sampling method is used when specific subgroups need to be represented?

    <p>Stratified random sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines nonprobability sampling?

    <p>Selection is often based on availability and willingness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves selecting every nth individual from a list after a random start?

    <p>Systematic random sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which sampling technique are individuals selected based on their connection with other participants?

    <p>Snowball sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of stratified random sampling?

    <p>To include specific subgroups in the sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes purposive sampling?

    <p>Individuals are selected based on specific characteristics relevant to the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of convenience sampling?

    <p>It may not accurately represent the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Surveys

    • Surveys collect information on people's opinions, attitudes, preferences, and behaviors through direct questioning.
    • Various formats include written questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, mail, computer, internet, telephone surveys, and focus group discussions.

    Advantages of Surveys

    • Effective for gathering data on sensitive topics.
    • Helps infer behavior trends based on responses.
    • Compatible with numerous research designs in fields and laboratories.
    • Capable of collecting large data volumes in shorter timeframes.

    Important Considerations in Surveys

    • Utilize open-ended or closed questions to gather diverse data.
    • Consider the levels of measurement for response recording.
    • Be aware of response styles that may bias replies.
    • Understand factors affecting willingness to respond, such as answer arrangement and manifest content.
    • Recognize potential tendencies such as yea-saying or nay-saying.

    Reliability and Validity

    • Reliability assesses consistency and repeatability of survey responses.
      • Responses to similar questions should yield consistent results.
      • Consistent findings across different survey admins and repeated measures for the same individual indicate reliability.
    • Validity measures how well a survey captures the intended topic.

    Sampling

    • Distinguishes between population (entire group) and sample (subset for data gathering).
    • Representative samples enable accurate generalization to the population.

    Probability vs. Nonprobability Sampling

    • Probability Sampling: Each individual in the population has a known probability of being selected.
      • Types include simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster random sampling.
    • Nonprobability Sampling: Individual probabilities cannot be established, selection based on convenience or specific criteria.
      • Types include quota sampling, convenience sampling, purposive sampling, and snowball sampling.

    Interviews

    • Can be conducted face-to-face, in one-on-one settings, or through focus group discussions.
    • Typically employed by qualitative researchers to delve into individual experiences, attitudes, or opinions.

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    Surveys and Interviews PDF

    Description

    Explore the world of non-experimental designs with a focus on surveys and interviews. This quiz covers various methods of gathering information about people's opinions, attitudes, preferences, and behaviors. Learn the advantages and unique aspects of different survey formats.

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