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Questions and Answers
What was Baba Ramchandra's role in the peasant movement in Awadh?
What were the peasants in Awadh primarily demanding during the movement?
What method did local panchayats use to exert pressure on oppressive landlords?
How many branches of the Oudh Kisan Sabha were established within a month of its formation?
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Which year marked the beginning of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
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What led to the violence during the peasant movement in Awadh?
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What significant action was taken against merchants during the peasant movement in 1921?
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What was one consequence of the peasant movement in terms of land tenure?
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Who was instrumental in visiting villages and understanding grievances during the movement?
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What was a major problem faced by peasants as tenants?
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Study Notes
The Non-Cooperation Movement and the Awadh Peasant Struggle
- The Non-Cooperation Movement, initially confined to cities, spread to the countryside, encompassing the struggles of peasants and tribals.
- In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra, a sanyasi with experience as an indentured labourer in Fiji.
- The Awadh peasant movement was directed against oppressive talukdars and landlords.
- Landlords imposed exorbitant rents, numerous cesses, and forced begar (unpaid labour) on peasants.
- Peasants lacked security of tenure, facing regular evictions and denying them ownership rights over leased land.
- The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar, and social boycott of oppressive landlords.
- Panchayats organized nai-dhobi bandhs (boycotts of barbers and washermen) to further their cause.
- Jawaharlal Nehru became actively involved, visiting Awadh villages in 1920 to understand peasants' grievances.
- The Oudh Kisan Sabha was formed in October 1920, led by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra, and others.
- The Sabha rapidly expanded, establishing over 300 branches throughout the region.
- The Congress sought to integrate the Awadh peasant struggle into the broader Non-Cooperation Movement.
- The movement escalated in 1921 with attacks on landlords' homes, looting of bazaars, and seizure of grain hoards.
- Some local leaders misrepresented Gandhiji's message, claiming the non-payment of taxes and land redistribution as sanctioned by him.
- The Mahatma's name was invoked to justify various actions and aspirations.
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Description
This quiz explores the Non-Cooperation Movement and its impact on the Awadh peasant struggle. It covers the leadership of Baba Ramchandra, the oppressive practices of landlords, and the demands made by peasants for their rights. Test your knowledge on this significant historical event and its key figures.
