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Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement: Social Groups and Aspirations

The Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement started in 1921, involving various social groups, each with their own aspirations for Swaraj. Explore how different groups responded to the call for Swaraj.

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Questions and Answers

What was the main aspiration of the participants in the Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement?

To achieve Swaraj, but with different meanings

Which group did not boycott the council elections in 1921?

The Justice Party

What was the impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement on foreign goods between 1921 and 1922?

The import value halved

What did thousands of students do in response to the Non-Cooperation Movement?

<p>They left government-controlled schools and colleges</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the term 'Swaraj' during the Non-Cooperation Movement?

<p>It meant achieving self-rule with different meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement on the liquor industry?

<p>Liquor shops were picketed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason behind the Justice Party's decision to participate in the council elections?

<p>To gain power and access usually reserved for Brahmans</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the foreign cloth trade during the Non-Cooperation Movement?

<p>It was boycotted and burnt in huge bonfires</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason behind the hill people's resentment towards the colonial government?

<p>The government was preventing them from entering the forests</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Alluri Sitaram Raju's stance on achieving swaraj?

<p>He believed in the use of force</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Alluri Sitaram Raju's rebellion?

<p>He was captured and executed in 1924</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Mahatma Gandhi in the context of the rebellion?

<p>He was an inspiration to the rebels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the colonial government's decision to close the forest areas?

<p>The hill people's livelihoods were affected</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of khadi in the context of the rebellion?

<p>It was a symbol of resistance against the British</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the nature of the rebellion led by Alluri Sitaram Raju?

<p>It was a guerrilla warfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason behind the hill people's perception of Alluri Sitaram Raju?

<p>They thought he was an incarnation of God</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the motive behind industrialists supporting the Civil Disobedience Movement?

<p>To gain independence from colonial control over the Indian economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Round Table Conference?

<p>It failed to yield any significant results</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the industrial working classes not participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

<p>They were not uniformly enthusiastic about the movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Lahore Congress?

<p>The adoption of the demand for 'Purna Swaraj'</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the business groups become apprehensive?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who established the Depressed Classes Association?

<p>Ambedkar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Chauri Chaura incident?

<p>The withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the industrialists' support to the Civil Disobedience Movement?

<p>It enabled trade and industry to flourish without colonial constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason behind the unity among various groups and classes of Indians in the early 20th century?

<p>Their collective struggle for freedom from colonial rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the Congress under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership?

<p>To channel people's grievances into organised movements for independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main challenge faced by the Congress in its struggle for independence?

<p>Resolving differences between various groups and classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the nature of the nationalist movement in India?

<p>A movement with diverse groups and classes having varied aspirations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Congress's attempts to resolve differences among groups?

<p>To ensure that the demands of one group did not alienate another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the pattern of the nationalist movement in India?

<p>A movement marked by phases of unity and disunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the nature of the emerging nation in India?

<p>A nation with many voices wanting freedom from colonial rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of foreign travellers' remarks about India in earlier times?

<p>They admired the courage, truthfulness, and modesty of Indians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the central idea behind Bhagat Singh's statement during his trial?

<p>To emphasize the importance of social revolution over armed struggle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the rich peasant communities' involvement in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

<p>They were affected by the trade depression and falling prices</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the concept of swaraj mean to the rich peasant communities?

<p>Reducing the revenue demand and gaining control over their land</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the rich peasant communities refuse to participate in the restarted movement in 1932?

<p>They were disappointed that the revenue rates were not revised</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern of the poorer peasantry in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

<p>Addressing issues beyond just the revenue demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Civil Disobedience Movement for the rich peasant communities in 1931?

<p>The movement was called off, and their demands were ignored</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the tone of Bhagat Singh's statement during his trial?

<p>Determined and passionate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the rich peasant communities in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

<p>They organized their communities and participated in the boycott programmes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement

  • The movement began in January 1921, with various social groups participating, each with their own aspirations.
  • The term "Swaraj" meant different things to different people.

The Movement in the Towns

  • Middle-class participants in cities led the movement, with thousands of students leaving government-controlled schools and colleges.
  • Headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices.
  • Council elections were boycotted in most provinces, except Madras, where the Justice Party participated to gain power.

Economic Effects

  • Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops were picketed, and foreign cloth was burnt in huge bonfires.
  • The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, with its value dropping from Rs 102 crore to Rs 57 crore.

Hill People's Participation

  • The colonial government's closure of large forest areas affected the hill people's livelihoods and traditional rights.
  • Alluri Sitaram Raju, a leader who claimed to have special powers, led the hill people's revolt.
  • Raju was captured and executed in 1924, but became a folk hero.

Workers' Participation

  • Workers had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of Swaraj.
  • Bhagat Singh, a 23-year-old revolutionary, was executed in 1924 and believed in the importance of revolution in society.

Rich Peasants' Participation

  • Rich peasant communities, such as the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh, participated in the movement.
  • They were affected by the trade depression and falling prices, and resented the government's revenue demand.

Poorer Peasantry's Participation

  • The poorer peasantry were interested in the lowering of the revenue demand.
  • They were led by prominent industrialists who supported the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Industrialists' Participation

  • Industrialists attacked colonial control over the Indian economy and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement.
  • They gave financial assistance and refused to buy or sell imported goods.
  • However, after the failure of the Round Table Conference, they were no longer uniformly enthusiastic.

Conclusion

  • A growing anger against the colonial government brought together various groups and classes of Indians into a common struggle for freedom.
  • The Congress, under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership, tried to channel people's grievances into organized movements for independence.
  • However, diverse groups and classes participated in these movements with varied aspirations and expectations, leading to unity and disunity within the movement.

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