NK Cells and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

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What is the developmental relationship between NK cells and ILCs?

NK cells are developmentally related to T cells
NK cells are developmentally related to group 1 ILCs (correct)
NK cells are developmentally related to group 2 ILCs
NK cells are not related to ILCs

What is the percentage of NK cells among the cells with lymphocyte morphology in the blood and peripheral lymphoid organs?

Less than 5%
Approximately 10% (correct)
More than 20%
Around 15%

What are the antigen receptors expressed by NK cells?

T cell receptors
Both immunoglobulins and T cell receptors
Neither immunoglobulins nor T cell receptors (correct)
Immunoglobulins

What is the cytokine secreted by NK cells upon recognition of infected and stressed cells?

IFN-γ (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism used by NK cells to induce apoptosis in infected cells?

Activation of granzymes and perforin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NK cells in defense against viruses?

To compensate for the defective CTL response by eliminating virus-infected cells in the absence of MHC molecules (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism used by viruses to evade killing by virus-specific CD8+ CTLs?

Blocking expression of class I molecules in infected cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of inhibitory receptors of NK cells?

To encounter self MHC molecules on normal host cells and shut off NK cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between NK cells and CTLs in defense against infections?

NK cells compensate for the defective CTL response in the absence of MHC molecules (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential application of NK cells in tumor eradication?

To compensate for the defective CTL response in the absence of MHC molecules (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NK cells in eradicating infections caused by obligate intracellular microbes such as viruses?

NK cells activate macrophages to become more effective at phagocytosing microbes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cytokine secreted by activated NK cells that activates macrophages to become more effective at killing phagocytosed microbes?

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three cytokines secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells that enhance the ability of NK cells to protect against infections?

Interleukin-15 (IL-15), type I IFNs, and interleukin-12 (IL-12) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the activating receptor of NK cells that recognizes molecules resembling class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and is expressed in response to many types of cellular stress?

NKG2D (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CD16 in NK cells?

It promotes cytotoxic granule exocytosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do ITAMs do when they become phosphorylated on tyrosine residues?

They promote the activation of cytosolic protein tyrosine kinases (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of NK cell inhibitory receptors?

To recognize self class I MHC molecules (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major families of NK cell inhibitory receptors in humans?

CD94 and NKG2 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenomenon called when NK cells recognize antibody-coated cells?

ADCC (C) Signup and view all the answers