25 Questions
What is the role of α1A-adrenoceptors stimulation in BPH?
Increasing prostatic urethral resistance
What is the primary effect of PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
Causing vasodilation
How does PDE5 negatively impact BPH?
By hydrolyzing c-GMP to inactive GMP
Which visual side effect is commonly associated with the use of PDE5 inhibitors?
Blurred vision
Why are PDE5 inhibitors contraindicated in patients using organic nitrates?
To avoid hypotensive effects
Which pathway, besides the α1A-adrenoceptors stimulation, is involved in smooth muscle contractility related to BPH?
Nitric oxide-cGMP pathway
What is the main mechanism of action of PDE5 inhibitors in treating erectile dysfunction?
Preventing cGMP degradation
Where is the Phosphodiesterase 5 enzyme located in the urinary tract?
Prostatic stromal smooth muscle cell layers
What effect does PDE5 inhibition have on smooth muscle in the detrusor musculature?
Enhances relaxation
Which common side effect is NOT typically associated with the use of PDE5 inhibitors?
Joint stiffness
Which subtype of alpha-1-receptors prevail in the bladder neck?
α1A
What happens when there is adrenergic stimulation of α1A-receptors in the bladder neck?
Increase of bladder neck closure
In what part of the urinary tract do α1DARs predominate?
Spinal cord and afferent nerves
Which subtype of alpha-1-receptors predominates in the human vascular bed with aging?
α1B
What effect does blocking α1DARs have on LUTS symptoms?
Decreases symptoms
What enzyme converts testosterone into DHT?
5-Alpha Reductase
Which of the following is a condition associated with DHT?
Hirsutism
Where is Type II isoform of 5-Alpha Reductase primarily active?
Reproductive tissues and hair follicle
What effect does DHT have on the scalp?
Scalp temporal recession and pattern hair loss
When should a 5-Alpha Reductase inhibitor be offered to men as per the information provided?
Men with prostate > 30 grams or a PSA > 1.4 ng/ml
What is a common phenotype observed in individuals with 5-alpha reductase deficiency?
Ambiguous genitalia
Which urinary condition can be effectively managed in men with overactive bladder (OAB) induced by BPH using selective β3 adrenergic receptor agonists?
Urinary incontinence
How does 5-alpha reductase deficiency typically affect male infants' external genitalia?
Micropenis and hypospadias
Which medication is used to prevent contraction of the detrusor muscle in the urinary bladder wall?
Tolterodine (Detrol®)
In individuals with 5-alpha reductase deficiency, what is a common characteristic of the urethra opening in male infants affected by the condition?
On the underside of the penis (hypospadias)
Test your knowledge on the mechanisms of Nitric Oxide/c-GMP pathway in penile vascular smooth relaxation, including the role of Myosin light chain kinase and Phosphodiesterase subtypes. Learn about the tissue distribution and chemical structures of PDE5 inhibitors used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
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