Nitric Oxide/c-GMP Pathway Quiz

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What is the role of α1A-adrenoceptors stimulation in BPH?

Increasing c-GMP levels

Causing smooth muscle relaxation

Enhancing tissue perfusion

Increasing prostatic urethral resistance (correct)

What is the primary effect of PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?

Inducing smooth muscle contraction

Increasing heart rate

Causing vasodilation (correct)

Inhibiting muscle relaxation

How does PDE5 negatively impact BPH?

By hydrolyzing c-GMP to inactive GMP (correct)

By activating Protein Kinase G

By reducing free intracellular Ca2+ levels

By elevating c-GMP levels

Which visual side effect is commonly associated with the use of PDE5 inhibitors?

Blurred vision Signup and view all the answers

Why are PDE5 inhibitors contraindicated in patients using organic nitrates?

To avoid hypotensive effects Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway, besides the α1A-adrenoceptors stimulation, is involved in smooth muscle contractility related to BPH?

Nitric oxide-cGMP pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of PDE5 inhibitors in treating erectile dysfunction?

Preventing cGMP degradation Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Phosphodiesterase 5 enzyme located in the urinary tract?

Prostatic stromal smooth muscle cell layers Signup and view all the answers

What effect does PDE5 inhibition have on smooth muscle in the detrusor musculature?

Enhances relaxation Signup and view all the answers

Which common side effect is NOT typically associated with the use of PDE5 inhibitors?

Joint stiffness Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype of alpha-1-receptors prevail in the bladder neck?

α1A Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is adrenergic stimulation of α1A-receptors in the bladder neck?

Increase of bladder neck closure Signup and view all the answers

In what part of the urinary tract do α1DARs predominate?

Spinal cord and afferent nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype of alpha-1-receptors predominates in the human vascular bed with aging?

α1B Signup and view all the answers

What effect does blocking α1DARs have on LUTS symptoms?

Decreases symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme converts testosterone into DHT?

5-Alpha Reductase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition associated with DHT?

Hirsutism Signup and view all the answers

Where is Type II isoform of 5-Alpha Reductase primarily active?

Reproductive tissues and hair follicle Signup and view all the answers

What effect does DHT have on the scalp?

Scalp temporal recession and pattern hair loss Signup and view all the answers

When should a 5-Alpha Reductase inhibitor be offered to men as per the information provided?

Men with prostate > 30 grams or a PSA > 1.4 ng/ml Signup and view all the answers

What is a common phenotype observed in individuals with 5-alpha reductase deficiency?

Ambiguous genitalia Signup and view all the answers

Which urinary condition can be effectively managed in men with overactive bladder (OAB) induced by BPH using selective β3 adrenergic receptor agonists?

Urinary incontinence Signup and view all the answers

How does 5-alpha reductase deficiency typically affect male infants' external genitalia?

Micropenis and hypospadias Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used to prevent contraction of the detrusor muscle in the urinary bladder wall?

Tolterodine (Detrol®) Signup and view all the answers

In individuals with 5-alpha reductase deficiency, what is a common characteristic of the urethra opening in male infants affected by the condition?

On the underside of the penis (hypospadias) Signup and view all the answers