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Questions and Answers
What is the average birth weight of a full-term newborn in developed countries?
What percentage of body weight do term neonates typically lose in the first few days after birth?
What is a characteristic of lanugo hair in newborns?
Which of the following skin features is commonly seen in premature babies?
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At what age do Mongolian spots typically disappear?
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What is the primary function of the anterior fontanel?
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At what age does the posterior fontanel typically close?
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Which reflex is characterized by the baby extending and abducting its arms and legs in response to a sudden stimulus?
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What indicates normal function of the nervous system in a newborn?
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Which of the following is NOT a primitive reflex related to feeding?
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Which reflex involves a baby turning its head towards a stimulus when the cheek is touched?
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At what age do most primitive reflexes related to feeding typically disappear?
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What is the normal body temperature range for a newborn baby?
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Which reflex occurs when a baby experiences a foreign body in the upper respiratory tract?
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What is the normal heart rate range for a newborn baby?
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What is the normal range for respiratory rate in beats per minute?
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Which muscle groups are primarily involved in monitoring respiration?
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What might indicate an abnormal respiratory rate?
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Identifying which of the following is essential for monitoring proper respiration?
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Which of the following respiratory rates would indicate hyperventilation?
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Study Notes
Definition of Newborn
- Newborn refers to infants within the first 14 days post-birth, applicable to all gestational types: premature, post-mature, and full-term.
Features of Newborn Baby
Weight
- Average birth weight in developed countries: approximately 3.5 kg, generally ranging from 2.5 kg to 4 kg.
- Weight loss of 3-7% observed in the first few days due to fluid resorption and urination.
- Healthy term neonates typically gain 15-20 grams daily after the first week.
Length
- Newborn length generally ranges from 35.6 cm to 56 cm.
- Male newborns are usually taller than female newborns.
Skin Characteristics
- Skin color is often dark pink and may have fine lanugo hairs, especially in premature infants.
- Lanugo hair can vanish within the first week; some infants may be born with varying amounts of hair.
- Vernix caseosa, a creamy layer, is present in premature infants and disappears by term.
- Mongolian spots are transient pigmented marks on the lower back and buttocks, commonly seen in certain ethnic groups, fading by age 1-2 years.
- Hemangioma appears as transient pink spots and may occur on the neck or forehead.
- Milia are small white spots on the face, disappearing within the first 1-2 weeks.
Head Features
- Average head circumference is 33-36 cm.
- Anterior fontanel is diamond-shaped, measures approximately 2.0 × 2.5 cm, and closes by 15-18 months.
- Posterior fontanel is triangular-shaped, with closure by 6-8 weeks.
Chest and Muscular Development
- Chest circumference measures 30-33 cm, typically smaller or equal to head circumference.
- Muscles are weak yet possess full strength at birth.
Nervous System
- Brain of newborns is immature; responses are mostly through primitive reflexes.
- The presence of these reflexes indicates a healthy nervous system.
Primitive Reflexes
- Motor Reflexes: Include Moro reflex, grasping, stepping, knee jerk, and plantar reflexes.
- Feeding Reflexes: Include rooting, sucking, and swallowing reflexes.
- Protective Reflexes: Sneezing, coughing, blinking, yawning, and gagging reflexes.
Vital Signs
- Temperature: Normal body temperature ranges from 36.5°C to 37°C; can fluctuate due to environmental factors.
- Heart Rate: Typical range is 120-160 beats per minute; increases when the baby cries.
- Respiratory Rate: 12-20 breaths per minute, monitored by observing chest and abdomen movements.
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Description
Explore the essential features and definitions of newborns, including their weight, length, and skin characteristics. This quiz covers important aspects of infant development in the first 14 days post-birth. Test your knowledge on the unique traits of newborns across different gestational types.
