New Imperialism Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was one unintended consequence of the artificial borders created during imperialism?

  • Unified tribes for better governance
  • Strengthened local economies
  • Promoted cultural exchange
  • Encouraged tribal wars (correct)

How did the agricultural practices under imperialism primarily benefit European powers?

  • Produced cash crops for European markets (correct)
  • Improved self-sufficiency in local farming
  • Diversified crop production for local needs
  • Increased food production for local populations

What was the effect of improved transportation and communication facilities under imperialism?

  • Connect local communities effectively
  • Reduced dependence on foreign powers
  • Facilitated resource exploitation (correct)
  • Enhanced nationalistic movements

What was a social consequence of Westernization during the imperial period?

<p>Downgrading of traditional African culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the negative impacts of improved medical care and nutrition during imperialism?

<p>Resulted in a population explosion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Franz Boas demonstrate about race as a biological concept?

<p>Head shapes among immigrants vary significantly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to W.E.B. Du Bois, what is a primary cause of health differences among populations?

<p>Social inequality and economic factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion did Richard Lewontin reach about genetic variation?

<p>Most genetic variation occurs within racial groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do biological anthropologists explain human genetic variation?

<p>Based on geographic clines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte as emperor of France?

<p>Military victories during the French Revolution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of urbanization during the industrial revolution?

<p>Shorter lifespans due to poor living conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the invention of the steam engine impact society during the industrial era?

<p>It improved transportation and manufacturing processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theme is primarily explored in Kipling's poem 'The White Man's Burden'?

<p>The moral justification for colonization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor that led to the New Imperialism of the late 1800s to early 1900s?

<p>Rapid industrialization in Western countries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social Darwinism was used to justify which of the following views?

<p>Human society's progress depended on the elimination of the 'unfit' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What belief underpinned the idea that European races were superior?

<p>Scientific racism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a manifestation of Social Darwinism as described in the context?

<p>Support for labor rights legislation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the outcomes of the eugenics movement in the USA?

<p>Forced sterilization of over 64,000 individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did proponents of Social Darwinism view the economy?

<p>As a necessary struggle against the weak (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way in which ideas of Social Darwinism differentiated itself from earlier beliefs about society?

<p>Belief that success was natural and deserved (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of nationalism does the content discuss in relation to world peace?

<p>Nationalism can lead to conflicts between nations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the poem 'The White Man’s Burden' suggest about the role of Europeans in colonized nations?

<p>They should uplift and aid other nations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle was established at the Berlin Conference regarding the occupation of African territory?

<p>Effective occupation must be demonstrated and recognized by others. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How were African rulers treated during the Berlin Conference?

<p>Their opinions were disregarded entirely. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a negative effect of imperialism in Africa?

<p>Suppression of local cultures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which literary device is prevalent in Kipling's 'The White Man's Burden'?

<p>Metaphor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the motivations for European colonization in Africa during the New Imperialism era?

<p>To access and exploit raw materials. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'White Man’s burden' imply about the view of colonizers towards the colonized?

<p>Colonizers saw themselves as superior saviors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical event marked the beginning of aggressive European claims over African territories?

<p>The Berlin Conference. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Artificial Borders in Africa

The creation of political boundaries in Africa by European powers, often without regard for existing tribal territories and ethnic divisions.

Increased Agricultural Production

African agricultural output rose, but this increase produced cash crops desired by Europe, rather than food for Africans.

Population Explosion - Famine

Improved medical care and sanitation led to a rise in Africa's population. This rise, outpacing food production, resulted in famine.

Exploitation of Resources

European powers took African resources like minerals, lumber, and rubber without considering the effect on African communities.

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Westernization - Cultural Loss

African traditional culture declined due to the spread of European cultural values and the prioritization of European education.

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Kipling's "White Man's Burden"

A poem by Rudyard Kipling that promotes the idea of European nations' responsibility to civilize and control non-European peoples, notably in Africa.

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African Depiction in "White Man's Burden"

The poem portrays Africans as needing European guidance and civilization, lacking self-reliance, potentially ignorant.

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Imperialism

Policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force, especially through controlling another country.

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Scramble for Africa

Rapid colonization of Africa by European powers in the late 19th century.

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Berlin Conference (1884-1885)

Meeting where European powers divided Africa among themselves without African input.

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Effective Occupation

Requirement set at the Berlin Conference for claiming African land, meaning a European power had to control the area.

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Suez Canal

Important waterway connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean.

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Negative Effects of Imperialism

Negative impacts on local African communities and their resources, including forced labor and loss of cultural identity.

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Franz Boas' challenge to race

Boas argued against the biological concept of race by showing how immigrant head shapes varied significantly, meaning race is not a fixed biological category.

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W.E.B. Du Bois' view on health diffs

Du Bois linked health disparities to social inequalities rather than biological factors, highlighting the impact of societal factors.

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Lewontin's genetic diversity study

Lewontin's research revealed the massive amount of genetic variation within racial groups, which was much greater than the variation between groups.

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Geographic Cline

Human genetic variation is primarily due to geographic differences, not inherent racial types. This is exemplified by traits like skin pigmentation.

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Napoleon Bonaparte's rise

Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power and became Emperor of France. It was a significant event during a time of social and political upheaval.

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Urbanization in 19th Century

The growth of cities fueled by people moving from rural areas to urban centers in search of factory jobs, significantly changing social structures.

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Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution

Children were employed in factories for low wages during the Industrial Revolution, a consequence of the desire for cheaper labor.

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Impact of Imperialism

Imperialism affected individuals and societies through resource extraction, political control, and forced labor, resulting in economic vulnerability and political repression in colonized areas.

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New Imperialism Causes

Factors driving the second wave of imperialism in the 1800s-1900s, encompassing social, political, and economic motivations.

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Social Darwinism

The application of Darwin's theory of natural selection to human societies, used to justify the dominance of some groups over others.

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Social Darwinism as a tool

European belief in their racial superiority used to justify imperialism and conquering 'inferior' peoples.

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Manifestations of Social Darwinism

Societal implications and viewpoints arising from Social Darwinism, including economic policies and eugenics.

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New Imperialism

The period of rapid colonization by Western nations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Industrialization & Imperialism

The connection between rapid industrialization and the second stage of imperialism, where industrial nations sought new resources and markets.

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European Industrialization

Rapid industrial development in Europe that fueled the need for raw materials and new markets in the late 1800s-early 1900s.

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Western Dominance

The powerful position of Western nations during New Imperialism, using industrial and military might to control other nations and territories.

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Study Notes

New Imperialism

  • New Imperialism refers to the period of European colonial expansion that occurred between the 1870s and the 1900s.
  • Western countries experienced rapid industrialization, which led to the second wave of imperialism.
  • People responded and resolved conflicts in a variety of ways.
  • Each nation constructs its own identity based on its unique historical experiences.

Essential Questions

  • What sets apart one nation's identity from another's?
  • Is nationalism helpful or harmful for global peace?
  • What caused Western dominance to colonize other countries?
  • How can new ideas speed up economic and political changes?

Causes of New Imperialism

  • Economic: The need for new markets, raw materials, and investment opportunities.
  • Military/Political: The need for military bases, national security, and promoting nationalism.
  • Humanitarian/Religious: The "white man's burden," spreading Christianity, and Social Darwinism (Social Darwinism—the belief that human groups evolve like species, with some groups inherently superior).
  • Technological: New medicine, weapons, and transportation technologies.

Social Darwinism

  • Social Darwinism is the theory that human groups and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection as plants and animals.
  • Social Darwinists believed that some human groups were more "fit" than others and that this justified their dominance over "less fit" groups.
  • This can be seen as a tool for scientific racism.

Manifestations of Social Darwinism

  • Belief that some traits were passed genetically.
  • Opposition to laws that helped the poor or those considered genetically weak.
  • Eugenics movements that sought to prevent "unfit" people from having children.

Debunking the Concept of Race

  • Franz Boas challenged the notion of race as a biological concept by showing variations in head shapes among immigrants.
  • W.E.B. Du Bois connected health disparities with societal inequalities.
  • Richard Lewontin's study showed that genetic diversity within races exceeded the differences between races.

Why Different Physiologies?

  • Human genetic variation is linked to geographic lines.
  • Example: Skin pigmentation is associated with geographic location.

Synthesis: Racism and Imperialism

  • Analyze the connection between racism and imperialism through a provided cartoon.
  • Evaluate if imperialism has an impact on individuals.

New Imperialism in Africa

  • In the 1870s, Africans controlled 90% of the African continent, but European countries began to claim more land.
  • Missionaries, explorers, and traders reported on the interior of Africa, highlighting its raw materials.

Establishing Imperialism: Suez Canal

  • Britain established control over Egypt to gain control of the Suez Canal and its strategic importance.
  • This intensified the drive for colonization in Africa.

Africa: Natural Resources

  • Africa is rich in natural resources like oil, gas, diamonds, uranium, copper, manganese, iron ore, and gold. This motivated European interest in the continent.

The Berlin Conference (1884-1885)

  • The Berlin Conference established the principle that European occupation of African territories required effective occupation recognized by other states and no country should claim all of Africa.
  • Any nation could claim land if they contacted other European countries and demonstrated control of the area.
  • African rulers weren't represented or invited.

Effects of Imperialism in Africa

  • Positive results: Unified national states, improved medical care, improved sanitation and nutrition, increased agriculture, and better transportation and communication.
  • Negative results: Encouraged tribal wars, caused population explosions and famine, exploited natural resources for European gain, and downgraded traditional African cultures.
  • Analyze whose interests benefited from the positive effects more.

History's Deadliest King

  • Examines the atrocities committed by Leopold II of Belgium during the Congo Free State era.

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