Colonialism: Old vs New Imperialism
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Questions and Answers

What characterized the period of New Imperialism in the 19th century?

  • Emphasis on industrialization and resource acquisition (correct)
  • Complete independence movements in Asia
  • Focus on the colonization of the Americas
  • Consolidation of European powers in the Iberian Peninsula

Which concept justified European colonialism in the late 19th century?

  • Utilitarianism
  • Manifest Destiny
  • The White Man's Burden (correct)
  • Social Darwinism

Which of the following events paved the way for the partition of Africa?

  • The Scramble for the Americas
  • The Suez Crisis
  • The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 (correct)
  • The Treaty of Versailles

What was a significant outcome of the Opium Wars in China?

<p>Increase in Western influence and trade in China (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By 1914, which of the following countries remained independent in Africa?

<p>Liberia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What form of diplomacy did Western powers use to force Asian countries into trade agreements?

<p>Gunboat diplomacy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a common justification for European expansion into Asia and Africa?

<p>Perception of civilizing 'inferior' peoples (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trading company was established to govern parts of Asia during the imperialist era?

<p>East India Company (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant political impact of European colonialism on Asian and African territories?

<p>Racist policies that inhibited local participation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the economic impact of colonialism?

<p>Exploitation of natural resources for European benefit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one result of the introduction of European political systems in colonized regions?

<p>Establishment of parliamentary and judicial systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country remained independent in Southeast Asia during the period of European colonial expansion?

<p>Thailand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What social change was associated with European colonization?

<p>Introduction of Western education and religions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of labor system was employed in European colonies, involving Indian and Chinese laborers?

<p>Indentured servitude (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic imbalance was commonly created in colonized regions due to European colonialism?

<p>Focus on cash crops over subsistence farming (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which was a consequence of the European colonial investment in infrastructure?

<p>Integration of local economies with European markets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Old Imperialism

Early European colonial expansion, primarily focused on the Americas and coastal Africa during the 16th to 18th centuries.

New Imperialism

European colonial expansion in the 19th century, primarily focused on Asia and Africa, driven by industrialization and the need for resources and markets.

Decolonization of the Americas

The process of many European colonies in the Americas becoming independent during the 18th and 19th centuries.

White Man's Burden

A concept popular in the late 19th century that justified European colonialism as a civilizing mission, claiming to educate and improve 'inferior' Asian and African populations.

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Scramble for Africa

An intense period of European colonization of Africa in the late 19th century, driven by the discovery of rich resources and fueled by competition among European powers.

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Berlin Conference (1884-1885)

A meeting of European powers where they agreed on the colonial partition of Africa, largely ignoring the interests of African people.

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Gunboat Diplomacy

A foreign policy strategy using military force and threats of military action to coerce other nations into accepting trade agreements or other demands.

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Chartered Companies

Companies granted special privileges by governments, including the right to trade and administer colonies in Asia and Africa.

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British East India Company

A powerful British trading company that eventually took control of large parts of India.

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Siam

The only independent country in Southeast Asia during the period of European colonialization.

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European Colonial Rivalry

Competition between European countries to control colonies, leading to increased tensions and conflict.

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Political Modernization

The introduction of European political systems, including parliamentary and judicial systems, in colonized territories.

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Economic Exploitation

The practice of European powers benefiting from the resources and labor of colonized territories for their own economic gain.

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Cash Crops

Crops grown primarily for export and profit, often replacing traditional self-sufficient agriculture in colonies.

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Indentured Laborers

Workers from Asia who were forced to work in European colonies under contracts that bound them to their employers.

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Coolies

A derogatory term used to refer to Asian indentured laborers, highlighting the prejudice and discrimination they faced.

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Study Notes

Background

  • Early European colonial expansion is known as Old Imperialism
  • Primarily focused on the Americas and coastal Africa (16th-18th centuries)
  • By the 18th and 19th centuries, many colonies in the Americas gained independence
  • New Imperialism concentrated on Asia and Africa during the 19th century
  • The Industrial Revolution spurred the need for raw materials and overseas markets
  • European powers competed for resources and markets in Asia and Africa.

Old vs New Imperialism

  • Old Imperialism (16th-early 19th centuries):
  • Major powers: Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, France, Britain
  • Location: Primarily Americas and Coastal Africa
  • Raw materials: Sugar, cotton, tobacco, silver, spices
  • Motivation: Trade, raw materials, missionary activities
  • New Imperialism (Late 19th-early 20th centuries):
  • Major Powers: Britain, France, Germany, USA, Japan
  • Location: Africa, Asia
  • Raw materials: Cotton, gold, diamonds, tea, oil, coal, metal
  • Motivation: Trade, raw materials, political expansion, access to markets, spread of Western civilization, national pride

European Colonial Expansion in Africa (19th-20th centuries)

  • The scramble for Africa saw European powers divide the continent among themselves
  • The Berlin Conference (1884-1885) formally partitioned Africa
  • By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia remained independent

European Colonial Expansion in Asia (19th-20th centuries)

  • Gunboat diplomacy was used to force Asian countries to accept Western trade demands
  • Opium Wars (China) and Japan's opening up by the US Navy are examples.
  • Trading companies (Chartered Companies) governed many areas
  • Examples include the British East India Company (India) and the Dutch East India Company (Indonesia)

Impacts

  • Political:
  • Increased rivalry between European powers
  • European dominance in Asia and Africa
  • Increased discrimination and oppression of local populations
  • Political systems were modernized.
  • Economic:
  • European exploitation of natural resources
  • Economic imbalance and disruption of existing trade practices
  • Social:
  • Improvements in cities and infrastructure (e.g. hospitals, schools, railroads, and communication systems)
  • Introduction of Western culture
  • Colonial changes impacted multi-ethnic societies through population shifts and indentured labor.

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3b. New Imperialism S2 History Good Hope School PDF

Description

Explore the differences between Old and New Imperialism in this quiz. Learn about the key players, motivations, and geographical focus of early European colonial expansion from the 16th to the 20th centuries. Test your knowledge on the impact of the Industrial Revolution and the competition for resources.

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