Colonialism: Old vs New Imperialism
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Questions and Answers

What characterized the period of New Imperialism in the 19th century?

  • Emphasis on industrialization and resource acquisition (correct)
  • Complete independence movements in Asia
  • Focus on the colonization of the Americas
  • Consolidation of European powers in the Iberian Peninsula
  • Which concept justified European colonialism in the late 19th century?

  • Utilitarianism
  • Manifest Destiny
  • The White Man's Burden (correct)
  • Social Darwinism
  • Which of the following events paved the way for the partition of Africa?

  • The Scramble for the Americas
  • The Suez Crisis
  • The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 (correct)
  • The Treaty of Versailles
  • What was a significant outcome of the Opium Wars in China?

    <p>Increase in Western influence and trade in China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 1914, which of the following countries remained independent in Africa?

    <p>Liberia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form of diplomacy did Western powers use to force Asian countries into trade agreements?

    <p>Gunboat diplomacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a common justification for European expansion into Asia and Africa?

    <p>Perception of civilizing 'inferior' peoples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trading company was established to govern parts of Asia during the imperialist era?

    <p>East India Company</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant political impact of European colonialism on Asian and African territories?

    <p>Racist policies that inhibited local participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the economic impact of colonialism?

    <p>Exploitation of natural resources for European benefit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one result of the introduction of European political systems in colonized regions?

    <p>Establishment of parliamentary and judicial systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country remained independent in Southeast Asia during the period of European colonial expansion?

    <p>Thailand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social change was associated with European colonization?

    <p>Introduction of Western education and religions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of labor system was employed in European colonies, involving Indian and Chinese laborers?

    <p>Indentured servitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic imbalance was commonly created in colonized regions due to European colonialism?

    <p>Focus on cash crops over subsistence farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which was a consequence of the European colonial investment in infrastructure?

    <p>Integration of local economies with European markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Background

    • Early European colonial expansion is known as Old Imperialism
    • Primarily focused on the Americas and coastal Africa (16th-18th centuries)
    • By the 18th and 19th centuries, many colonies in the Americas gained independence
    • New Imperialism concentrated on Asia and Africa during the 19th century
    • The Industrial Revolution spurred the need for raw materials and overseas markets
    • European powers competed for resources and markets in Asia and Africa.

    Old vs New Imperialism

    • Old Imperialism (16th-early 19th centuries):
    • Major powers: Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, France, Britain
    • Location: Primarily Americas and Coastal Africa
    • Raw materials: Sugar, cotton, tobacco, silver, spices
    • Motivation: Trade, raw materials, missionary activities
    • New Imperialism (Late 19th-early 20th centuries):
    • Major Powers: Britain, France, Germany, USA, Japan
    • Location: Africa, Asia
    • Raw materials: Cotton, gold, diamonds, tea, oil, coal, metal
    • Motivation: Trade, raw materials, political expansion, access to markets, spread of Western civilization, national pride

    European Colonial Expansion in Africa (19th-20th centuries)

    • The scramble for Africa saw European powers divide the continent among themselves
    • The Berlin Conference (1884-1885) formally partitioned Africa
    • By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia remained independent

    European Colonial Expansion in Asia (19th-20th centuries)

    • Gunboat diplomacy was used to force Asian countries to accept Western trade demands
    • Opium Wars (China) and Japan's opening up by the US Navy are examples.
    • Trading companies (Chartered Companies) governed many areas
    • Examples include the British East India Company (India) and the Dutch East India Company (Indonesia)

    Impacts

    • Political:
    • Increased rivalry between European powers
    • European dominance in Asia and Africa
    • Increased discrimination and oppression of local populations
    • Political systems were modernized.
    • Economic:
    • European exploitation of natural resources
    • Economic imbalance and disruption of existing trade practices
    • Social:
    • Improvements in cities and infrastructure (e.g. hospitals, schools, railroads, and communication systems)
    • Introduction of Western culture
    • Colonial changes impacted multi-ethnic societies through population shifts and indentured labor.

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    Description

    Explore the differences between Old and New Imperialism in this quiz. Learn about the key players, motivations, and geographical focus of early European colonial expansion from the 16th to the 20th centuries. Test your knowledge on the impact of the Industrial Revolution and the competition for resources.

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