New France 1608-1760

Study Notes

New France 1608-1760

The period covers the history of Quebec education and explores colonization in New France from 1608 to 1760.
A map displays the geographic context of New France, highlighting significant locations such as Quebec, Trois-Rivières, Montréal, and the surrounding territories.
Colonization is defined as the process of claiming land and establishing colonies for the benefit of the mother country.
A colony is a territory ruled by another state, which exploits it, while a mother country is a state that possesses colonies or territories outside its territory.
Examples of mother countries and colonies are provided.
Different types of colonies are distinguished: trading post colonies and settlement colonies.
The trading post colony is a territory taken over for the exploitation and trade of natural resources, requiring a small number of residents.
In contrast, settlement colonies involve permanent European settlements and the exploitation of natural resources.
Samuel de Champlain played a key role in founding Quebec City in 1608.
Champlain aimed to establish a settlement for France.
Quebec's strategic location was chosen for its ease of controlling navigation and natural defenses (up on a hill).
Champlain's group established L'Abitation, the first fortified trading post in Quebec City, with the purpose of allowing Indigenous people to bring furs to a centralized location.
Champlain became the governor of New France.
Louis Hebert and his family were the pioneers, establishing the first settlement in 1617.
The Recollets and Jesuits represent the first religious orders.
The Company of a Hundred Associates, established in 1627, managed the fur trade in New France.
Mercantilism, an economic theory, advocates for greater exports than imports and considers a country's power to be measured by its gold supply.
Colonies serve as sources of raw materials and as markets for manufactured goods from the mother country.
The seigneurial system was implemented to organize land distribution in New France.
The system involved large rectangular plots of land along the St. Lawrence and Richelieu Rivers, used for water irrigation and transportation.
The fur trade is highlighted as the main economic driver for New France, involving Indigenous people in hunting and trading furs with the French, who then transformed them into hats, increasing the European demand.
The King of France established the Company of 100 Associates to handle various duties that were crucial for the establishment of the colony.
The fur trade, as the main economic driver of New France, experienced positive and negative consequences, including conflict between the Iroquois Confederacy and the French.
Conflicts arose between the French and the Thirteen Colonies over control of the fur trade and territorial expansion.
(Specific) There was conflict over territory.
The role of the Catholic Church in New France involved missionary efforts to convert Indigenous people, establish hospitals, and educational institutions.
Talon, as the first Intendant, worked to increase the population of New France, encouraging immigration and policies supporting families.
One of Talon's key objectives was to diversify the New France economy, moving away from a fur-trade reliance.
Attempts included creating new industries, encouraging farming, and establishing new resource exploitation systems.
A triangular trade system connected New France, the Antilles, and France, with raw goods being transported from New France and the Antilles to France for transformation into manufactured products, leading to profits and ensuring supplies for settlements.
The period was also marked by the territorial expansion of New France.
The conflicts and rivalries with the English (in the Thirteen Colonies) led to wars, eventually resulting in New France's loss and the French defeat in North America.
The British gained control of New France during the Seven Years’ War.
The Seven Years’ War (1756-1763) stemmed from existing conflicts in Europe.
The various factors that contributed to the British victory in North America include differences in population, financial support, military capabilities, and other resources.
The British victory led to the English colonization of New France, impacting the native population and French settlements.