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Questions and Answers
What significant new farming technique was introduced during the arrival of the Spanish in America?
Which of the following animal species was not introduced to America by the Spanish?
What was the most significant economic activity in New Spain?
What effect did mining have on the landscape in New Spain?
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During which century did the decline of Spanish migration to America begin?
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What was a key reason for African immigration to America in the sixteenth century?
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What was the role of the Manila Galleon during the sixteenth century?
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What was a result of the interactions between ethnic immigrants and native populations?
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What was the primary role of the House of Trade in Seville?
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Which port eventually replaced Huatulco as the main trade hub with Peru?
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What type of products were primarily brought to Acapulco by the Manila Galleon?
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What restriction was placed on commercial trade between Mexico and Peru in 1604?
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How did Spanish merchants manage the distribution of goods in New Spain?
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Why was American silver crucial for Spain's economy?
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Which of the following ports was a contact point for goods exchanged between Asia, Europe, and America?
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After 1550, how did trade with Peru differ from Atlantic trade?
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Study Notes
Introduction of New Crops and Livestock
- Spanish colonization introduced new crops and livestock to America.
- New crops: wheat, sugarcane, onions, garlic, and citrus fruits.
- New farming technique: the plow, resulting in increased production.
- New livestock: cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, donkeys, mules, and chickens, leading to the development of ranching.
- Negative environmental impact: Overgrazing caused soil erosion.
###Â Mining in New Spain
- Mining was the most important activity in New Spain.
- Development in mining areas: agricultural and cattle ranches, roads, military checkpoints, missions, shelters, and cities like Zacatecas, Real del Monte, Pachuca, and Guanajuato.
- Environmental impact of mining: soil erosion and deforestation.
###Â Immigration to New Spain
- 16th century: Spaniards, including clergymen, merchants, servants, military officers, and women seeking husbands, migrated to America
- 17th century: Spanish migration decreased – people from other parts of the world began to arrive.
- African immigration: slaves arrived in the Caribbean in the 16th century for labor shortages.
- African slaves in New Spain: worked tough jobs in mines and sugar mills, while women and children worked in domestic service.
- Asian immigration: immigrants arrived from the Philippines via the Manila Galleon, carrying products from various Asian countries.
###Â Trade in New Spain
- Spanish Crown Regulated Trade: The House of Trade in Seville controlled navigation and commerce. Trade with other nations or between Spanish colonies was forbidden.
- Consulate of Merchants: Founded in 1592, this organization facilitated and regulated trade between New Spain and other territories and nations.
- Trade with Peru: Primarily through ports of Huatulco, Oaxaca, and Callao. Later, Acapulco replaced Huatulco.
- Trade with Asia: Manila Galleon carried Asian goods to Acapulco, then transported to Peru or Veracruz for distribution to Spain.
- Trade Restrictions: The Spanish Crown restricted trade between Mexico and Peru in 1604 to control colonial wealth and prevent competition.
###Â Silver Remittances in New Spain
- American silver: Vital for Spain to pay for goods from manufacturing countries.
- Silver use: Primarily for war costs and court support.
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Description
Explore the significant changes brought by Spanish colonization in America, focusing on the introduction of new crops and livestock, as well as the impact of mining activities. This quiz covers agricultural advancements, environmental consequences, and the demographics of immigration during the 16th and 17th centuries.
