Neutrophil and Eosinophil Morphology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the size range of a segmented neutrophil?

  • 12-16 um
  • 15-20 um
  • 10-15 um (correct)
  • 8-10 um

    • Which cell type makes up less than 1% of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow and 5% of peripheral WBCs?

  • Segmented neutrophil
  • Basophil
  • Eosinophil (correct)
  • Lymphocyte

    • What is the typical nucleus shape of an eosinophil?

  • Tri-lobed
  • Unilobed
  • Multi-lobed
  • Bilobed (correct)

    • Which type of granules contain heparin and histamine?

    <p>Purple-black granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the N:C ratio of a neutrophil?

    <p>1:3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up less than 0.1% of the nucleated cells in both the bone marrow and peripheral blood?

    <p>Basophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type has cytoplasm filled with small, pale blue to pink specific/secondary granules?

    <p>Segmented neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the nucleus of a segmented neutrophil?

    <p>Coarse, clumped chromatin with 3-5 lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type makes up 12% of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow?

    <p>Segmented neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical size range of a basophil?

    <p>10-15 um</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main content of the cytoplasmic granules in an eosinophil?

    <p>Enzymes and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type has cytoplasm containing large, purple-black, secondary granules?

    <p>Basophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What recognizable maturation stages are present in an eosinophil?

    <p>Myelocyte, metamyelocyte, band, and segmented form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the N:C ratio of a neutrophil?

    <p>$1:3$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pool contains metamyelocytes, bands, and segmented neutrophils in the bone marrow?

    <p>Post-mitotic pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What attracts neutrophils to the site of inflammation?

    <p>Complement and bacterial products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves neutrophil attachment to a foreign object, formation of a vacuole around it, and release of lytic enzymes?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of neutrophils when they are destroyed in the process of phagocytosis?

    <p>They undergo cell death through apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the rapid and free exchange of neutrophils between different pools observed?

    <p>Circulation system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main content of the cytoplasmic granules in a neutrophil?

    <p>Myeloperoxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of granulocyte pool mainly contains neutrophils that adhere to vessel walls?

    <p>Marginating granulocyte pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What releases neutrophils into circulation when they are mature or needed?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do opsonins such as IgG and complement component C3b help neutrophils recognize as foreign?

    <p>Antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do neutrophils diapedese into the tissues from in response to antigenic stimulation?

    <p>Marginating granulocyte pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the presence of colorless areas in the cytoplasm of neutrophils?

    <p>Toxic vacuolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of left shift associated with an increased demand for neutrophils?

    <p>Regenerative shift to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the presence of small oval inclusions (RNA) located in the cytoplasm of neutrophils?

    <p>Dohle bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate bone marrow response to increased demand for neutrophils?

    <p>Regenerative shift to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with an increased number of myelocytes, metamyelocytes, and/or bands in the peripheral blood?

    <p>Shift to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change in neutrophils is seen after an overwhelming infection in which bone marrow production cannot keep up with increased need for neutrophils?

    <p>Degenerative shift to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change in neutrophils refers to prominent granulation due to persistent staining of primary granules?

    <p>Toxic granulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell releases substances that can neutralize products released by basophils and mast cells, and also modulate the allergic response?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the classic signs of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (Type I) by releasing histamine upon degranulation?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell expresses Fc receptors for IgE in response to parasitic infections?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type releases a chemotactic factor that attracts eosinophils to the site of inflammation?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of neutropenia due to chronic or severe infection?

    <p>Depletion of available neutrophil reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic associated with basophilia?

    <p>Type I hypersensitivity reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause an increase in eosinophils?

    <p>Allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of basopenia?

    <p>Inflammatory states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disorder is associated with the presence of immature leukocytes and immature erythrocytes in the blood?

    <p>Myelofibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause a decrease in absolute number of neutrophils?

    <p>Vitamin B12 deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause for the decrease in the absolute number of basophils?

    <p>Inflammatory states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to an increase in the absolute number of eosinophils?

    <p>Parasitic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause neutropenia due to bone marrow production defects?

    <p>Bone marrow injury (aplastic anemia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between physiologic pseudoneutrophilia and pathologic neutrophilia?

    <p>Bone marrow reserves are released into the blood in pathologic neutrophilia, but not in physiologic pseudoneutrophilia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the neutrophilic leukemoid reaction (NLR) from chronic myelogenous leukemia?

    <p>NLR is a benign, extreme response to a specific agent or stimulus, while chronic myelogenous leukemia is not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates physiologic pseudoneutrophilia from pathologic neutrophilia?

    <p>Caused by exercise, stress, pain, pregnancy in physiologic pseudoneutrophilia, but not in pathologic neutrophilia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of neutrophilic leukemoid reaction (NLR) compared to physiologic pseudoneutrophilia?

    <p>WBC count increase to between 50 and 100 X 109/L in NLR, but not in physiologic pseudoneutrophilia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes pathologic neutrophilia from neutrophilic leukemoid reaction (NLR)?

    <p>Bone marrow increases production of neutrophils to replenish reserves in pathologic neutrophilia, but not in NLR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sets physiologic pseudoneutrophilia apart from neutrophilic leukemoid reaction (NLR)?

    <p>Caused by exercise, stress, pain, pregnancy in physiologic pseudoneutrophilia, but not in NLR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the shift observed in pathologic neutrophilia from that seen in physiologic pseudoneutrophilia?

    <p>Bone marrow reserves are released into the blood in pathologic neutrophilia, but not in physiologic pseudoneutrophilia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying cause of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?

    <p>Congenital enzymatic defect of NADPH oxidase in platelets and monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Chediak-Higashi syndrome?

    <p>Abnormal intracellular protein transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hypersegmentation in neutrophils?

    <p>Vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the morphological difference between hypersegmentation and hyposegmentation?

    <p>5 or more lobes vs 1 or 2 lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of the inability of neutrophils to degranulate in CGD?

    <p>Inhibited bactericidal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic basis of Chediak-Higashi syndrome?

    <p>Autosomal recessive inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Pelger-Huet anomaly from hypersegmentation?

    <p>Hyperclumped nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern associated with morphologically normal but functionally abnormal leukocytes?

    <p>'Left shift' on blood smear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Left shift' on blood smear is indicative of:

    <p>Increase in immature white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates hypersegmentation from hyposegmentation?

    <p>5 or more lobes vs 1 or 2 lobes in neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic associated with Chediak-Higashi syndrome?

    <p>Abnormal intracellular protein transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between MAY-HEGGLIN ANOMALY and ALDER-REILLY ANOMALY?

    <p>Presence of large azurophilic granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anomaly is associated with autosomal dominant inheritance?

    <p>MAY-HEGGLIN ANOMALY</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of ALDER-REILLY ANOMALY?

    <p>Degraded mucopolysaccharides in cytoplasmic granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the cytoplasmic anomalies described in the text from toxic granulation present in neutrophils only in infectious conditions?

    <p>Morphological appearance of neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factors and interleukins act on the committed progenitor cell, CFU-GM, to form monocytes?

    <p>GM-CSF and IL-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the body do Kupffer cells primarily function?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the macrophages found in the central nervous system?

    <p>Microglial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the transition from promonocyte to monocyte?

    <p>Transition from indented to round/oval nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the macrophage from the other monocyte precursors?

    <p>Blue-gray cytoplasm with many vacuoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a monoblast and a promonocyte?

    <p>Size and N:C ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a monocyte from a promonocyte?

    <p>Shape and chromatin density of the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely feature of a macrophage compared to a monoblast?

    <p>Increased size and N:C ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of a promonocyte compared to a monocyte?

    <p>&quot;Brainlike&quot; convolutions in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of monocytes/macrophages in the immune response?

    <p>Initiating and regulating the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are known as 'scavenger cells' due to their ability to ingest foreign material?

    <p>Monocytes/macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do blood monocytes ingest, limiting the coagulation response?

    <p>Activated clotting factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are very efficient phagocytic cells with receptors for IgG or complement-coated organisms?

    <p>Monocytes/macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do splenic macrophages primarily remove old/damaged red blood cells?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do bone marrow macrophages remove and store for hemoglobin synthesis?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do monocytes secrete, in addition to cytokines/interleukins and tumor necrosis factor?

    <p>Antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of liver macrophages?

    <p>Removing fibrin degradation products</p> Signup and view all the answers

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