Neurulation and eye and ear P 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in the process of neurulation?

  • Formation of the neural groove
  • Formation of the neural plate (correct)
  • Formation of the neural crest
  • Migration of neural crest cells

    • What structure is formed by the neural tube during neurulation?

  • Heart
  • Spinal cord (correct)
  • Dorsal root ganglia
  • Facial bones

    • Which of the following best describes the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in neural crest cells?

  • It is the transition from a mesenchymal state to an epithelial state.
  • It allows neural crest cells to become tightly connected to one another.
  • It enables neural crest cells to transition to a migratory state, moving freely. (correct)
  • It prevents neural crest cells from migrating.

    • Which of the following structures is NOT formed by migrating neural crest cells? (Select one)

    <p>Epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of trunk neural crest cells?

    <p>Formation of dorsal root ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animal neural crest cells contribute to the development of which of the following? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Facial bones and cranial nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for hormone secretion and is derived from neural crest cells?

    <p>Adrenal medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During neurulation, what forms at the edges of the neural folds?

    <p>Neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the dorsal root ganglia formed by migrating neural crest cells?

    <p>To relay sensory information from the body to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT directly formed by trunk neural crest cells?

    <p>Facial bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the enteric ganglia formed by neural crest cells?

    <p>Regulation of the digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process allows neural crest cells to migrate from the neural tube to other areas of the body?

    <p>Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neural crest cells are important for the development of which of the following structures?

    <p>Skin melanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial location where neural crest cells form during neurulation?

    <p>At the junction of the neural plate and the epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transition allows neural crest cells to migrate away from the neural tube?

    <p>Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathways is followed by neural crest cells that migrate to form melanocytes?

    <p>Dorsolateral path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is formed by the ventral migration of trunk neural crest cells?

    <p>Dorsal root ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is involved in regulating autonomic functions, particularly in the abdomen, and is derived from ventral trunk neural crest cells?

    <p>Pre-aortic ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adrenal medulla, which plays a role in the body's response to stress, is formed by which type of neural crest cell migration?

    <p>Ventral migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures does NOT form from ventral trunk neural crest cell migration?

    <p>Cranial bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ventral trunk neural crest cells contribute to the formation of which part of the nervous system?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neural crest cells are derived from which layer of the embryo?

    <p>Ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is derived from the cranial neural crest cells and contributes to the development of teeth?

    <p>Odontoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is formed by the dorsal migration of trunk neural crest cells?

    <p>Melanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is formed from the ventral migration of trunk neural crest cells?

    <p>Sympathetic ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trunk neural crest cells contribute to the formation of all of the following EXCEPT:

    <p>Odontoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cranial neural crest cells contribute to the development of which of the following?

    <p>Cranial nerve ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cranial neural crest cells contribute to the formation of which of the following structures in the heart?

    <p>Septation of the conus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures are derived from the cranial neural crest cells in the pharyngeal arches?

    <p>Connective tissue and bones of the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The enteric nervous system is formed from which type of neural crest cells?

    <p>Trunk neural crest cells (ventral path)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Odontoblasts, which form teeth, are derived from?

    <p>Cranial neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a derivative of cranial neural crest cells?

    <p>Dorsal root ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cranial neural crest cells contribute to the formation of which of the following in the face and neck?

    <p>Dermis of the face and neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells, derived from cranial neural crest, play a crucial role in the development of teeth?

    <p>Odontoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cranial neural crest cells contribute to the formation of which structure related to the nervous system?

    <p>Cranial nerve ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cranial neural crest derivatives plays a key role in the formation of facial structures?

    <p>Connective tissue and bones of the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cranial neural crest cells contribute to the formation of which of the following structures in the nervous system?

    <p>Glial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is formed by cranial neural crest cells and provides support and protection to the central nervous system?

    <p>Meninges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mesenchyme of the pharyngeal arches derived from cranial neural crest cells contributes to the development of which of the following?

    <p>Cartilage and connective tissue of the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neural crest cells are particularly vulnerable to damage from substances like alcohol or retinoic acid because they:

    <p>Are deficient in Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and catalase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Errors in the migration of neural crest cells can result in:

    <p>A variety of anomalies, including craniofacial and cardiac defects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following congenital defects is commonly associated with neural crest cell migration errors?

    <p>Persistent truncus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hirschsprung's disease is primarily caused by:

    <p>Absence of the myenteric plexus in the bowel wall due to neural crest cell migration failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the colon is most commonly affected in Hirschsprung's disease?

    <p>Sigmoid colon and rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Hirschsprung's disease?

    <p>Delayed passage of meconium and abdominal distension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The connective tissue development of the head is derived from which of the following sources?

    <p>Neural crest cells, paraxial mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which week does eye development begin with the formation of optic grooves from the neural tube?

    <p>Week 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The optic grooves, which give rise to the optic vesicles, appear in which part of the neural tube?

    <p>Diencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms when the optic grooves extend and evaginate from the neural tube?

    <p>Optic vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the formation of the lens vesicle, the lens placodes: (Select all that apply)

    <p>Detach from the surface ectoderm and form the lens vesicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure remains connected to the neural tube via the optic stalk during early eye development?

    <p>Optic vesicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior cells of the lens vesicle become cuboidal and form which part of the lens?

    <p>Subcapsular lens epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior cells of the lens vesicle become cuboidal and form which part of the lens?

    <p>Subcapsular lens epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the inner and outer layers of the optic cup form?

    <p>Outer layer becomes the pigmented layer of the retina; inner layer becomes the neural layer of the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hyaloid artery passes through which structure to reach the developing eye?

    <p>Choroid fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about optic nerve development?

    <p>The optic nerve is not completely myelinated until 3 months after birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Raised intracranial pressure may lead to the appearance of which condition at the point where the optic nerve leaves the retina?

    <p>Papilloedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pigmented layer of the retina is derived from which layer of the optic cup?

    <p>Outer layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The optic nerve fibers grow into the inner layer of the optic stalk and form the optic nerve. Which of the following structures supplies the blood to the developing retina?

    <p>Hyaloid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following occurs around the 7th week of eye development?

    <p>Closure of the choroid fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The optic stalk is responsible for connecting the optic vesicle to the neural tube. What does the optic stalk eventually develop into?

    <p>Optic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The optic nerve is myelinated by which type of glial cells?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure contributes to the formation of the retina and the optic nerve?

    <p>Neuroectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may result from abnormalities during the closure of the choroid fissure?

    <p>Coloboma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sclera and choroid are derived from which embryonic layer?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is formed by mesodermal condensation around the optic cup?

    <p>Sclera and Choroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the primary vitreous body in early eye development?

    <p>Supports the retina and lens in early development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery runs through the primary vitreous body during early eye development?

    <p>Hyaloid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mesoderm forms which of the following structures in the developing eye?

    <p>Cornea and iris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms between the lens and the surface ectoderm during eye development?

    <p>Primary vitreous body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior chamber forms from which structure during eye development?

    <p>Mesenchyme between the lens and surface ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms the inner layer of the cornea during eye development?

    <p>Mesenchyme of the anterior chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the outer layer of the iris during eye development?

    <p>Mesoderm from neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pupil forms from which structure during eye development?

    <p>Choroid fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms the inner layer of the cornea during eye development?

    <p>Mesenchyme of the anterior chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the outer layer of the iris during eye development?

    <p>Mesoderm from neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which embryonic layer contributes to the formation of both the iris and pupil?

    <p>Ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The eyelids develop from which type of tissue during eye development?

    <p>Ectoderm and neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The iris is formed by the combination of which two components?

    <p>Neural ectoderm from the optic cup and mesoderm from neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT directly involved in the formation of the anterior chamber of the eye?

    <p>Optic cup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The choroid fissure in the developing eye is important for:

    <p>Nutrient supply to the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the mesodermal contribution to the iris? a) The entire iris is derived from the neural tube. b) The iris is formed by a combination of neuroectoderm and mesoderm. c) Mesoderm only forms the muscles of the iris. d) The iris is derived from surface ectoderm only.

    <p>The iris is formed by a combination of neuroectoderm and mesoderm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The eyelids develop around which week of embryonic development?

    <p>Week 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mesodermal tissue growing between the lens and surface ectoderm helps form which of the following structures?

    <p>Cornea and iris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue is primarily responsible for forming the retina, optic nerve, and the posterior iris during eye development?

    <p>Neuroectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lens of the eye and corneal epithelium are derived from which tissue layer?

    <p>Surface ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary vitreous body, fibrous (sclera), and vascular (choroid) coats of the eye are mainly formed by which tissue?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ciliary ganglion and mesenchymal structures of the eye are derived from which tissue?

    <p>Neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following contributes to the formation of the fibrous sclera and vascular choroid?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of coloboma (cleft) in the developing eye?

    <p>Failure of the closure of the choroid fissure during development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The severity of coloboma can vary. Which part(s) of the eye can it affect in severe cases?

    <p>The lens, iris, or optic disc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Congenital cataracts are most commonly associated with which intrauterine condition?

    <p>Intrauterine rubella infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mesenchyme contributes to the formation of which eye structures?

    <p>Eye muscles (except those of the iris), and connective and vascular tissues of the cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, and sclera</p> Signup and view all the answers

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