Neurulation and Neural Crest Cells
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Questions and Answers

What is the initial event that marks the beginning of neurulation?

  • Development of the notochord (correct)
  • Differentiation of neural crest cells
  • Involution of the neural plate
  • Formation of the neural tube

Which structure arises from the neural plate border during neurulation?

  • Neural crest cells (correct)
  • Notochord
  • Enteric neurons and glia
  • Brain and spinal cord

What complication arises when there is a failure to close the caudal neuropore at day 26?

  • Anencephaly
  • Encephalocoele
  • Spina bifida (correct)
  • Cranial neuropore fusion

During neurulation, what do the mesodermal growth factors stimulate the ectoderm to form?

<p>Neuroectoderm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed by the involution of the neural plate during neurulation?

<p>Neural tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which critical period of development includes the formation of brain, heart, eyes, ears, limbs, and external genitalia?

<p>Week 5-8 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of stages during embryonic development starting from the blastocyst stage?

<p>Compaction -&gt; morula -&gt; implantation &amp; embryonic disc formation -&gt; gastrulation -&gt; neurulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the blastocyst will facilitate implantation and placenta formation?

<p>Outer cell mass (trophoblast) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures form the bilaminar disc during embryonic development?

<p>Epiblast &amp; hypoblast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the epiblast and hypoblast in the bilaminar disc?

<p>Epiblast develops into the embryo while hypoblast forms the yolk sac. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the morula in embryonic development?

<p>Forms the blastocyst (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process includes the formation of the amniotic cavity within the bilaminar disc?

<p>Gastrulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which embryonic stage do bronchioles develop?

<p>Canalicular stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the outgrowth of foregut that eventually forms the trachea and bronchial buds?

<p>Respiratory Diverticulum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

<p>Aids in keeping alveoli open (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs if there is not enough surfactant present in the lungs of a newborn?

<p>Alveolar collapse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of embryonic development does the production of adequate surfactant usually occur?

<p>Term Stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does surfactant synthesis occur in the alveoli?

<p>Type II pneumocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During gastrulation, where do the epiblast cells migrate through?

<p>Primitive streak (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is formed when the hypoblast is replaced by epiblast cells?

<p>Endoderm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the trophoblast during development?

<p>Forms extraembryonic mesoderm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure contains the fluid where the embryo will float?

<p>Extraembryonic coelom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the trilaminar embryo gives rise to structures like the skeleton, muscles, and heart?

<p>Mesoderm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when the bilaminar disc transforms into a trilaminar disc during gastrulation?

<p>Three germ layers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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