90 Questions
Which practice was popular in the 1800's and assessed the brain by examining enlargements (or bumps) of the skull?
Phrenology
What did phrenologists associate with the enlargements (or bumps) of the skull?
Personality traits and abilities
What was the outcome of the practice of phrenology?
Proven to be false
What are neuropsychology tests presently used for?
Testing cognitive functioning
What is an important consideration when designing neuropsychology tests?
Language and culture influences
In what type of studies are brain scans used to study behavior in animals?
Brain lesion studies
What is the main focus of brain mapping methods?
Mapping the brain
Which neurotransmitter is associated with learning and memory?
Glutamate
Which neurotransmitter is inhibitory and causes a calming effect?
GABA
Which neurotransmitter influences arousal, selective attention, sleep, and memory?
Acetylcholine
Which neurotransmitter is associated with brain arousal, mood, hunger, and sleep?
Norepinephrine
Which neurotransmitter is associated with motor function and reward?
Dopamine
Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood, temperature regulation, aggression, and sleep cycles?
Serotonin
Which type of drug interacts with neurotransmitter systems and affects mood, arousal, or behavior?
Psychoactive drugs
Which imaging technique uses magnetic fields to indirectly visualize brain structure?
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
What does functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) measure?
Changes in blood oxygen level
Which imaging technique measures changes in brain activity by examining consumption of radioactive glucose-like molecules?
Positron emission tomography (PET)
What is the function of astrocytes in the brain?
Control blood flow in the brain
What is the resting potential of a neuron?
The membrane potential when the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited
What is the function of oligodendrocytes in the brain?
Form the myelin sheath
What is the space between neurons through which neurotransmitters travel called?
Synapse
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for hearing and understanding language?
Temporal lobe
Which part of the brain is responsible for vision?
Occipital lobe
Which set of structures, located near the center of the brain, is involved in movement and muscle control?
Basal ganglia
Which part of the brain plays a key role in fear, excitement, and arousal?
Amygdala
Which part of the brain connects the cerebral cortex and spinal cord?
Brain stem
What is the function of the spinal cord?
Conveys signals between the brain and the body
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
Internal organs and glands
What is the function of the pituitary gland?
Releases hormones that influence various bodily functions
What is the study of how behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way genes work called?
Epigenetics
Which part of the ear funnels sound waves to the eardrum?
Outer ear
Which part of the ear converts vibration into neural activity?
Inner ear
Which theory suggests that specific locations along the basilar membrane match specific tones and pitches?
Place theory
Which theory suggests that the rate of action potentials is related to pitch?
Frequency theory
What is conductive hearing loss?
Hearing loss caused by something that stops sound from getting through the outer or middle ear
What is nerve deafness?
Hearing loss caused by damage to auditory nerve in the inner ear
What is nerve-induced hearing loss?
Hearing loss caused by damaged hair cells
What are olfaction and gustation commonly referred to as?
The chemical senses
Which part of the nose interacts with airborne chemicals to detect odors?
Nasal passages
Where do taste buds respond to different tastes?
Papillae
Which statement best describes the process of transduction?
Transduction is the process by which the nervous system converts an external energy into excitation or inhibition of neurons in the brain.
What is the role of a sense receptor?
Sense receptors are specialized cells that transduce a specific stimulus.
What is the function of sensory adaptation?
Sensory adaptation is the weakening of the response to a stimulus after the initial activation.
What is the study of physical stimuli and their interactions with our sensory systems called?
Psychophysics
What is the main difference between sensation and perception?
Sensation is the detection of physical energy by the sensory organs, while perception is the brain's interpretation of raw sensory information.
What is an illusion?
An illusion is when perception does not match reality.
What does the field of neuropsychology study?
The field of neuropsychology studies how behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way genes work.
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?
The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion.
What is an important consideration when designing neuropsychology tests?
An important consideration when designing neuropsychology tests is the cultural and linguistic background of the individual being tested.
What is the space between neurons through which neurotransmitters travel called?
Synapse
Which theory explains our ability to perceive color based on three primary colors: blue, green, and red?
Trichromatic theory
Which term refers to the smallest change in intensity of a stimulus that we can detect?
Just noticeable difference
Which part of the eye controls the amount of light that enters the eye?
Iris
What is the condition called when a person sees nearby objects clearly, but distant objects appear blurry?
Myopia
Which of the following is NOT a type of sense receptor in the eye?
Ganglion cells
Which part of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?
Occipital lobe
What is the term for the failure to detect stimuli that are in plain sight when our attention is focused elsewhere?
Inattentional blindness
Which theory views attention as a bottleneck through which only the most important information passes?
Filter theory of attention
What is the term for the ability to detect important information in a noisy environment?
Cocktail party effect
Which term refers to the ability to make correct guesses about visual information without being consciously aware of the object?
Blindsight
Which term refers to the process by which the nervous system converts an external energy into excitation or inhibition of neurons in the brain?
Transduction
What is a specialized cell that transduces a specific stimulus called?
Sense receptor
What is the term for the activation of our senses being greatest when we first detect a stimulus, followed by a weakening of the response?
Sensory adaptation
What is the study of physical stimuli and their interactions with our sensory systems called?
Psychophysics
What is the term for when perception does not match reality?
Illusion
What is the term for the detection of physical energy by the sensory organs?
Sensation
What is the term for the brain's interpretation of raw sensory information?
Perception
What is the term for the failure to detect stimuli that are in plain sight when our attention is focused elsewhere?
Inattentional blindness
Which part of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?
Occipital lobe
What is the term for the smallest change in intensity of a stimulus that we can detect?
Difference threshold
Which portion of the eye controls the amount of light that enters the eye?
Iris
What is the term for the condition where a person sees nearby objects clearly, but objects in the distance may be blurry?
Myopia
Which part of the eye is responsible for sharpness of vision?
Fovea
Which type of receptor cells in the eye allow us to see in color?
Cones
What is the term for the blind spot in our visual field?
Scotoma
Which theory explains our ability to perceive color based on three primary colors: blue, green, and red?
Trichromatic theory
What is the term for the inability to perceive ongoing motion?
Motion blindness
What is the term for the perception of hearing based on the physical properties of sound waves?
Audition
What is the term for the sound that corresponds to the frequency of a wave?
Pitch
What is the term for the amplitude or loudness/volume of sound?
Loudness
What is the function of the cochlea in the inner ear?
To convert vibration into neural activity
Which theory suggests that the rate of action potentials is related to pitch?
Frequency theory
What is conductive hearing loss?
Hearing loss caused by something that stops sound from getting through the outer or middle ear
What are the five basic tastes that we are sensitive to?
Sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami
Where are taste buds located?
In the tongue
Which part of the brain is responsible for processing smell and taste?
The olfactory cortex
What is the function of the somatosensory system?
To respond to stimuli applied to the skin, temperature, and injury
What is proprioception?
Our sense of movement and action
What are monocular depth cues?
Depth cues that rely on one eye
What is perceptual constancy?
The process by which we perceive stimuli consistently across varied conditions
Test your knowledge on neurotransmitters and their role in the central nervous system. Learn about the functions of glutamate and GABA, their effects on neuron communication, and their association with learning and memory. Discover how these neurotransmitters can contribute to anxiety, schizophrenia, and other mental disorders.
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