Structure of cells & Neurophysiology

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a neuron?

Dendrites

Soma

Synapse (correct)

Axon

Which of the following is NOT a part of a neuron?

Dendrites

Terminal buttons

Soma

Synapse (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a component of a neuron?

Soma

Synapse (correct)

Axon

Dendrites

What are the four main components of a neuron?

Soma, dendrites, axon, and terminal buttons Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of neurons based on function?

Sensory, motor, and interneurons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures are found in neurons?

Soma, dendrites, axon, terminal buttons Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of neurons based on function?

Sensory, motor, and interneurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a neuron?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of neurons based on function?

Sensory, motor, interneurons Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of neurons based on function?

Sensory, motor, and interneurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of a neuron?

Soma, dendrites, axon, and terminal buttons Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved in regulating mood and anxiety?

GABA Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of neurons based on structure?

Multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of neurons based on function?

Sensory, motor, and interneurons Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of neurons based on function?

Sensory, motor, and interneurons Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of neurons based on function?

Sensory, motor, and interneurons Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of neurons based on function?

Sensory, motor, and interneurons Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of neurons based on structure?

Multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of neurons based on structure?

Multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of postsynaptic potentials?

Excitatory and inhibitory Signup and view all the answers

Which supporting cells are found in the nervous system?

Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of neurons based on structure?

Multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of neurons based on structure?

Bipolar, unipolar, and multipolar neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of neuron based on structure?

Interneuron Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of neurons divided by function?

Sensory, motor, and interneurons Signup and view all the answers

What are the two general effects of neurotransmitters on postsynaptic membranes?

Depolarization (EPSP) or hyperpolarization (IPSP Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is the primary neurotransmitter for muscular movement?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of supporting cells in the nervous system mentioned in the text?

Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of supporting cells in the nervous system?

Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of supporting cells in the nervous system mentioned in the text?

Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of postsynaptic potentials?

Excitatory and inhibitory Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood-brain barrier?

A barrier that regulates the flow of nutrient-rich fluid into the brain Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of supporting cells in the nervous system mentioned in the text?

Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released?

Synapse Signup and view all the answers

What does the blood-brain barrier regulate?

The flow of nutrient-rich fluid into the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

To regulate the flow of nutrient-rich fluid into the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

GABA Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

GABA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

To regulate the flow of nutrient-rich fluid into the brain Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the flow of nutrient-rich fluid into the brain?

The blood-brain barrier Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

How do neurons communicate with each other?

Through action potentials and neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved in regulating mood, eating, sleep, dreaming, and various bodily functions?

Serotonin Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved in regulating mood and anxiety?

GABA Signup and view all the answers

What is the synapse?

The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released Signup and view all the answers

What is the most complex site of action for drugs affecting synaptic transmission?

Receptors Signup and view all the answers

How do neurons communicate with each other?

Through action potentials and neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

How do neurons communicate?

Through action potentials and neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

How do neurons communicate?

Through action potentials and neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

How do neurons communicate with each other?

Through action potentials and neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is the primary one for muscular movement?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What are postsynaptic potentials?

Signals that can be excitatory or inhibitory Signup and view all the answers

What is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released?

The synapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the junction between two neurons called?

The synapse Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is the primary neurotransmitter for muscular movement and is involved in regulating REM sleep, perceptual learning, and memory?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released called?

Synapse Signup and view all the answers

What category of drugs enhances the effects of GABA?

Benzodiazepines Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved in regulating mood, eating, sleep, dreaming, and various bodily functions?

Serotonin Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved in regulating eating and dreaming?

Serotonin Signup and view all the answers

What is the synapse?

The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved in addiction and the reward system?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What is neuronal integration?

The process by which neurons integrate the effects of multiple postsynaptic potentials Signup and view all the answers

What can postsynaptic potentials be?

Excitatory or inhibitory Signup and view all the answers

What are postsynaptic potentials?

The effect of neurotransmitters on the postsynaptic neuron Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved in muscular movement and regulating REM sleep, perceptual learning, and memory?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What can postsynaptic potentials be?

Excitatory or inhibitory Signup and view all the answers

What are postsynaptic potentials?

The electrical signal that is generated in the dendrites of a neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord?

Glycine Signup and view all the answers

Which category of drugs enhances the effects of GABA?

Tranquilizers Signup and view all the answers

What does neuronal integration involve?

Temporal and spatial summation of postsynaptic potentials Signup and view all the answers

What is neuronal integration?

The process of summing up postsynaptic potentials Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is implicated in Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is the inhibitory one in the spinal cord?

Glycine Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved in addiction and the reward system?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What is neuronal integration?

The process by which neurons receive and combine information from other neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the nervous system?

Supporting cells Signup and view all the answers

What does neuronal integration involve?

Temporal and spatial summation of postsynaptic potentials Signup and view all the answers

How do drugs affect synaptic transmission?

By affecting receptors, reuptake, or destruction of neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitters are involved in the body's stress response and can be affected by medications used to treat depression?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of serotonin in the body?

Regulating mood, eating, sleep, dreaming, and various bodily functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of dopamine in the brain?

Reward system and addiction Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is affected by medications used to treat depression?

Serotonin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone and neurotransmitter plays a role in the body's stress response?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

How do drugs affect synaptic transmission in the nervous system?

By affecting the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Regulating the flow of nutrient-rich fluid into the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the most complex site of action for drugs that affect synaptic transmission?

Receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

GABA Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

GABA Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord?

Glycine Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

GABA Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

GABA Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

GABA Signup and view all the answers

Which drugs affect serotonin transporters and can have long-term effects on memory?

LSD and MDMA Signup and view all the answers

What category of drugs enhances the effects of GABA?

Benzodiazepines Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary neurotransmitter for muscular movement?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Regulates the flow of nutrient-rich fluid into the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released?

Synapse Signup and view all the answers

What category of drugs enhances the effects of GABA?

Benzodiazepines Signup and view all the answers

Which drugs affect serotonin transporters and can have long-term effects on memory?

LSD and MDMA Signup and view all the answers

Which category of drugs enhances the effects of GABA?

Tranquilizers Signup and view all the answers

What category of drugs enhances the effects of GABA?

Tranquilizers Signup and view all the answers

What category of drugs enhances the effects of GABA?

Benzodiazepines Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The lecture covers the structure and function of cells in the nervous system.
Neurons have a soma, dendrites, axon, and terminal buttons.
Neurons can be divided by function into sensory, motor, and interneurons.
Neurons can be divided by structure into multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons.
Supporting cells in the nervous system include astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
The blood-brain barrier regulates the flow of nutrient-rich fluid into the brain.
Neurons communicate through action potentials and neurotransmitters.
The synapse is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released.
Postsynaptic potentials can be excitatory or inhibitory.
Neuronal integration involves temporal and spatial summation of postsynaptic potentials.

Drugs affect synaptic transmission in the nervous system through various sites of action.
The most complex site of action is on receptors, where drugs can serve as agonists or antagonists.
Drugs can also affect reuptake or destruction of neurotransmitters, prolonging their presence in the synaptic cleft.
Placebo effects and the importance of control groups are necessary in studying the effects of drugs on behavior.
Neurotransmitters have two general effects on postsynaptic membranes: depolarization (EPSP) or hyperpolarization (IPSP).
The brain's most common neurotransmitters are glutamate (excitatory) and GABA or glycine (inhibitory).
Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter for muscular movement and is involved in regulating REM sleep, perceptual learning, and memory.
The monoamines include dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin, which are involved in various brain functions and can be affected by drugs.
Dopamine is involved in addiction and the reward system, but also has other functions in the brain.
Serotonin is involved in regulating mood, eating, sleep, dreaming, and various bodily functions.

Serotonin regulates various bodily functions including appetite, sleep, memory, mood, and muscle contraction.
LSD and MDMA affect serotonin transporters and can have long-term effects on memory.
Low serotonin levels can lead to depression and anti-depressant medications work by increasing serotonin levels.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are hormones and neurotransmitters that play a role in the body's stress response and can be affected by medications used to treat depression.
Glutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and is involved in memory storage.
GABA is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and is involved in regulating mood and anxiety.
Benzodiazepines are a category of tranquilizing drugs that enhance the effects of GABA.
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction and operates in many regions of the brain.
Glycine is the inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord.
Dopamine plays a critical role in the reward system and is implicated in Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the nervous system and neurotransmitters with this quiz! From the structure and function of neurons to the effects of drugs on synaptic transmission, this quiz covers a wide range of topics. Learn about the different types of neurons, supporting cells in the nervous system, and the role of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine. See if you can identify the most common neurotransmitters in the brain and their effects on behavior. Take this quiz to challenge your understanding of the nervous system and neurotransmitters.