Neurotransmitter Effects: Ionotropic vs Metabotropic Receptors

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Questions and Answers

What is the key factor that ensures neurotransmitters can safely arrive at the Terminal Buttons?

Creation of Vesicles (correct)

Binding with neuropeptides

Activation of ion channels

Gathering at the synapse

What is the main difference between large-molecule neurotransmitters and small-molecule neurotransmitters in terms of synthesis?

Small-molecule NTs are synthesized from precursors in the cell body (correct)

Small-molecule NTs are packaged in Vesicles for transportation

Large-molecule NTs bind directly with ion channels

Large-molecule NTs are only synthesized in the terminal buttons

What is the function of Neuropeptides within the process of neurotransmitter synthesis and packaging?

Packaging into Vesicles

Transportation to the presynaptic membrane

Synthesis inside the cell body (correct)

Activation of ion channels

How are neurotransmitter molecules conveyed to the presynaptic cell membrane during the transport and release process?

Exit from the interior of the presynaptic neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the process of neurotransmitter termination after their effect?

Destruction or re-use of existing NT molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which structure ensures that NT molecules remain at the presynaptic membrane until needed?

Vesicles Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when neurotransmitter molecules are released from vesicles into the synaptic cleft?

Exocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which ions bind with vesicles inside the presynaptic neuron to trigger the process of exocytosis?

Calcium (Ca2+) ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of postsynaptic receptors when neurotransmitter molecules bind with them?

Activating the receptor by opening an ion channel Signup and view all the answers

What type of relationship do neurotransmitter molecules have with postsynaptic receptors?

Lock-and-key Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the influx of calcium ions into the presynaptic neuron upon stimulation of an action potential?

Voltage-gated calcium ion channels opening Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism through which NT molecules leave the cell?

Exocytosis triggered by calcium ions binding with vesicles Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between ionotropic and metabotropic effects of neurotransmitter receptor binding?

Ionotropic effects act faster and last for a shorter duration than metabotropic effects. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when neurotransmitter molecules bind with ionotropic receptors?

Ligand-gated ion channels open, leading to an ionotropic effect. Signup and view all the answers

How do terminal buttons prevent ongoing effects of neurotransmitter molecules at the synapse?

By engaging in reuptake of the molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of autoreceptors in neural communication?

Monitoring the requirements for future release of neurotransmitters. Signup and view all the answers

How do most neurons respond to different types of neurotransmitters?

By releasing more than one type of neurotransmitter and responding to various types. Signup and view all the answers

What can studying the effects of individual neurotransmitters help us learn about?

The importance of specific behaviors regulated by neurotransmitters. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neurotransmitters and Receptors

NT dopamine binds with dopamine receptors, leading to ionotropic and metabotropic effects
Ionotropic effects occur when NT molecules bind with a receptor, opening a ligand-gated ion channel, resulting in fast (1ms) but short-lived (10-50ms) effects
Metabotropic effects involve metabolic reactions, acting slower (30ms) but lasting longer (up to minutes)

Synapse and Neural Communication

Not all NT molecules bind with receptors on the postsynaptic membrane
Terminal buttons engage in reuptake to prevent ongoing effects
Autoreceptors monitor reuptake and breakdown to determine future NT release
Many neurons release multiple NTs, responding to various types, with around 100 different NTs known
Studying individual NTs helps understand their role in specific behaviors

Neurotransmitter Synthesis and Transport

NT synthesis involves precursors, with large NTs (Neuropeptides) synthesized in the cell body and small NTs in terminal buttons
The Golgi complex packages NT molecules into vesicles, which are transported to the presynaptic membrane
Vesicles fuse with the membrane, releasing NT molecules into the synaptic cleft through exocytosis

Neurotransmitter Release and Binding

Voltage-gated calcium ion channels open, permitting Ca2+ influx, which binds with vesicles, causing them to fuse with the membrane and release NT molecules
NT molecules cross the synaptic cleft, binding with postsynaptic receptors, usually opening an ion channel
NT molecules have a lock-and-key relationship with receptors, allowing binding in specific cases

Neurotransmitter Steps

Synthesis and packaging: create NT molecules and package them in vesicles
Transport and release: convey NT molecules to the presynaptic membrane and release them into the synapse
Binding: NT molecules bind with ion channels and activate them
Termination: existing NT molecules are destroyed or re-used to terminate their effect

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Description

Learn about the different effects of neurotransmitter binding with ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Ionotropic effects act fast but last for a short time, while metabotropic effects are slower to act and last longer.