Neuroscience Quiz: Brain Development and History

<p>Galagos (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creation of the first artistic relics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To alleviate pressure after trauma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rene Descartes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ventricles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triune Brain theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inaccuracies of Galen’s views (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paralysis on the opposite side (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a network of arteries that supply blood to the brain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different psychological states are localized to different brain areas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding language is impaired by damage to the left posterior temporal lobe. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motor speech deficits resulting from left frontal lobe lesions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phrenologists believed larger brain areas indicated superior qualities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emphasizes distinct areas of the cortex performing specific functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Investigating the relationship between brain injuries and language deficits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gray matter is essential for neural processing and cognitive functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acts as a sensory filter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing visual information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibitory motor responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebellum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior colliculi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart rate and respiratory rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Olfactory nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abducens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse Plane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary somatosensory functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corpus Callosum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Association Areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relay center for sensory tracts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an all-or-none process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saltatory conduction where electrical activity jumps between nodes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occipital Lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebral Cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They transmit information across the synaptic gap chemically. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caudal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transports sodium and potassium ions across the membrane. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are degraded or reabsorbed very quickly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-70mV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium and potassium ions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mathematical description of the action potential. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A surgical procedure in which a hole is drilled into the skull.

The now-disproven idea that mental processes occur within the ventricles of the brain.

The idea that the mind (thoughts, feelings) and body (physical abilities) are separate but interact.

An ancient Greek physician who recognized that brain damage can cause paralysis on the opposite side of the body.

Ancient Greek physician who identified key brain structures, but couldn't dissect.

British anatomist who studied blood circulation in the brain.

An anatomist who created detailed anatomical drawings and corrected Galen's errors.

Different brain areas having different roles.

A discredited theory that different personality and cognitive traits are associated with the size of specific brain areas.

The idea that different brain areas control different behaviors/functions, specifically in the cortex.

An area in the left frontal lobe linked to the production of speech.

A language disorder (aphasia) characterized by difficulty in producing speech.

An area in the left posterior temporal lobe important for language comprehension.

A language disorder characterized by fluent but nonsensical speech and difficulty understanding language.

A network of arteries at the base of the brain supplying blood to the brain.

A group of subcortical structures involved in voluntary movement, reward, habit learning, and etc. in the brain.

Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.

Divides the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (front) sections.

Divides the body into left and right halves.

Towards the center of the body.

Towards the sides of the body.

Towards the tail end; posterior and often inferior.

The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions, sensory processing, and motor initiation.

Controls voluntary movement, planning, decision-making, and higher-level cognitive functions.

Good nutrition early in life can lead to a larger brain size, similar to how it promotes larger body size.

A stimulating environment, rich in cultural experiences, can contribute to increased brain size by promoting growth of existing brain cells.

The brain's ability to change and adapt by adding new cells and forming new connections.

Different animals have evolved brain structures that are adapted to their specific needs and environments.

The large frontal lobes of rhesus monkeys, related to their complex social behavior, suggest a link between brain size and social complexity.

A change in the neuron's electrical potential, caused by stimulation, reaches a threshold, leading to an 'all-or-none' response.

Action potentials propagate along the axon as a wave of electrical energy, like a ripple in a pond.

The tiny gap between two neurons where communication occurs.

They use neurotransmitters, chemicals released across the synapse, to transmit information electrochemically.

They are either broken down by enzymes or reabsorbed by the releasing neuron, ensuring precise communication.

The baseline electrical charge of a neuron when it is not actively signaling.

The rapid propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons, jumping from node to node.

ATP provides energy for the sodium-potassium pump, which is crucial for maintaining the neuron's potential and firing action potentials.

The RAS, part of the reticular formation, regulates sleep and arousal. It also acts as a sensory filter, selecting which sensory information reaches the conscious mind.

The Hypothalamus is the body's autonomic control center, regulating vital functions like blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, water balance, appetite, and sleep-wake cycles. It also influences emotions and sexual arousal.

The Basal Ganglia, including the Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, and Striatum, controls voluntary motor behavior and extrapyramidal motor activity. It plays a role in Parkinson's disease and inhibits unwanted movements.

The Midbrain consists of the Tectum, Tegmentum, Superior Colliculi, Inferior Colliculi, and Substantia Nigra.

The Midbrain is crucial for motor control, especially eye movements and visual processing. It also plays a role in auditory information processing, connecting head movements with visual and auditory stimuli.

The Cerebellum, or 'little brain', is primarily responsible for coordination and balance. It's also involved in voluntary motor movements, including speech.

The Pons connects both halves of the Cerebellum and plays a key role in regulating breathing.

The Medulla Oblongata is responsible for many subconscious activities, including respiration rate, heart rate, blood vessel constriction, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, and hiccupping.