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Questions and Answers
Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for producing speech?
Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for producing speech?
What is the function of the primary somatosensory cortex?
What is the function of the primary somatosensory cortex?
Which structure is not part of the limbic system?
Which structure is not part of the limbic system?
What brain region is primarily involved in depth perception?
What brain region is primarily involved in depth perception?
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Which structure is found between the lateral ventricles and the fourth ventricle?
Which structure is found between the lateral ventricles and the fourth ventricle?
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What direction does 'medial' refer to in relation to the midline of the body?
What direction does 'medial' refer to in relation to the midline of the body?
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What does 'decussate' mean in the context of neural pathways?
What does 'decussate' mean in the context of neural pathways?
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Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
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In which part of the brain does the 'mesencephalon' develop?
In which part of the brain does the 'mesencephalon' develop?
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What terms best describe ipsilateral movement?
What terms best describe ipsilateral movement?
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The longitudinal fissure divides the brain into which of the following portions?
The longitudinal fissure divides the brain into which of the following portions?
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Which part of the brain is responsible for forming all thalami?
Which part of the brain is responsible for forming all thalami?
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Which of the following describes the function of projection fibers in the brain?
Which of the following describes the function of projection fibers in the brain?
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Study Notes
Depolarization
- Ability of a cell to become more positive through electrical currents
- Connections between neurons allow for communication
Chattifastientrim A & B
- Where the action potential originates
- Axon Hillock
Neural Axis
- Medial: Towards the midline
- Lateral: Away from the midline
- Ipsilateral: Same side
- Contralateral: Opposite side
- Decussate: To cross or intersect
Brain Structures
-
Primary Prosencephalon/Telencephalon/Cerebrum: (Forebrain)
- Secondary Diencephalon: Thalami, forms all thalami
- Tertiary Giggenter: mus
-
Mesencephalon/Mesencephalon/Midbrain: (Midbrain)
- No further differentiation
-
Rhombencephalon/Metencephalon/Pons & Cerebellum: (Hindbrain)
- Myelencephalon/Medulla Oblongata: Just get more complex as you develop
Primary vs Secondary
- Primary: PTDMMRMM e.g., Prosencephalon, Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon, Rhombencephalon
- Secondary: a e.g., Cerebrum, Thalami, Midbrain, Pons, Cerebellum, Medulla Oblongata
Brain Regions
-
Basal ganglia: Important in movement
- Parkinson’s disease affects the basal ganglia
Views of the Brain
- Longitudinal/Horizontal: View of the the brain in planes
Axon
- Connects one hemisphere to the other
- Communication between the two hemispheres
Commissural Fibers
- Stay on the same side but connect different parts
- Act as projections
- Project to other regions of the brain
Corpus Callosum
- Connects the left and right hemispheres
- Splenium: Posterior portion of the corpus callosum
- Genu: Fold/bend in the corpus callosum
-
Ostrum: Middle portion of the corpus callosum
- Cerebellum sits below the Ostrum
Longitudinal Fissure (Sulcus)
- Divides the left and right hemispheres
- Located in the sagittal plane
Frontal Lobe
- Located at the front of the brain
- Associated with personality, executive functions, higher cognitive skills
- Prefrontal Cortex: Responsible for emotional processing, planning, and decision-making
Parietal Lobe
- Sensory information arrives here
- Motor cortex is located at the front of the parietal lobe - Motor cortex coordinates voluntary movement
Temporal Lobe
- Contains:
- Wernicke's area: Responsible for understanding spoken language
- Auditory cortex: Processes auditory information
- Hippocampus: Involved in memory formation
Occipital Lobe
- Located at the back of the brain
- Processes visual information
- Visual information arrives backwards and upside down
-
Visual cortex: Responsible for interpreting the visual information
- Lateral sulcus: separates the temporal and frontal and parietal lobes
Central Sulcus
- Divides the frontal and parietal lobes
- Contains the motor cortex in the frontal lobe and the somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe
Meninges
-
3 layers:
- Dura mater: Outermost layer
- Arachnoid mater: Middle layer
- Pia mater: Innermost layer
- CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid, located between the arachnoid and pia mater
Midbrain, Pons & Medulla
- Midbrain: Responsible for movement, auditory and visual processing, and sleep-wake cycles
- Pons: Relays information between the cerebrum and cerebellum
- Medulla: Controls vital functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure
Ventricles
-
Lateral Ventricles: Found in each hemisphere
- Third Ventricle: Connects to the lateral ventricles
- Cerebral Aqueduct: Connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle
-
Fourth Ventricle: Located in brainstem
- Central Canal: Extends down the spinal cord
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of neuroscience, including depolarization, neuron communication, and brain structure differentiation. This quiz covers the basics of neural axis terminology and the origins of action potentials, giving you a comprehensive understanding of the nervous system.
