Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which condition is characterized by a rapid, uncoordinated heart rate?
Which condition is characterized by a rapid, uncoordinated heart rate?
- Atrial Fibrillation (correct)
- Normal Sinus Rhythm
- Ventricular Fibrillation
- Atrial Flutter
What is a characteristic of atrial flutter compared to atrial fibrillation?
What is a characteristic of atrial flutter compared to atrial fibrillation?
- Atrial flutter has a more chaotic rhythm than atrial fibrillation.
- Atrial flutter is always temporary.
- Atrial flutter does not affect cardiac output.
- Atrial flutter is more organized than atrial fibrillation. (correct)
What serious complication is associated with A-fib?
What serious complication is associated with A-fib?
- Palpitations
- Stroke (correct)
- Hypertension
- Heart Murmur
What effect does ventricular tachycardia have on the heart?
What effect does ventricular tachycardia have on the heart?
What is the resting membrane potential of a cell?
What is the resting membrane potential of a cell?
Which of the following terms is synonymous with ventricular tachycardia?
Which of the following terms is synonymous with ventricular tachycardia?
What primary condition can lead to atrial fibrillation?
What primary condition can lead to atrial fibrillation?
What happens to the cell interior's charge during depolarization?
What happens to the cell interior's charge during depolarization?
Which ion's movement is primarily responsible for the repolarization phase of the action potential?
Which ion's movement is primarily responsible for the repolarization phase of the action potential?
Atrial fibrillation may cause episodes of which significant symptoms?
Atrial fibrillation may cause episodes of which significant symptoms?
What distinguishes a normal sinus rhythm from abnormal heart rhythms?
What distinguishes a normal sinus rhythm from abnormal heart rhythms?
What is a Holter monitor used for?
What is a Holter monitor used for?
Which process restores the resting membrane potential after depolarization?
Which process restores the resting membrane potential after depolarization?
What role do sodium channels play in action potential firing?
What role do sodium channels play in action potential firing?
During which phase do potassium channels open to allow potassium ions to leave the cell?
During which phase do potassium channels open to allow potassium ions to leave the cell?
What is the primary function of a crash cart?
What is the primary function of a crash cart?
What is echocardiography primarily used for?
What is echocardiography primarily used for?
Who is responsible for checking the crash cart every shift?
Who is responsible for checking the crash cart every shift?
How often should crash cart items be checked for expiry dates?
How often should crash cart items be checked for expiry dates?
What type of equipment is a defibrillator primarily used for?
What type of equipment is a defibrillator primarily used for?
Which item is NOT part of the arrangement on the top shelf of the crash cart?
Which item is NOT part of the arrangement on the top shelf of the crash cart?
What is a primary advantage of the mobility of a crash cart?
What is a primary advantage of the mobility of a crash cart?
What does the Ambubag device do?
What does the Ambubag device do?
Which of the following statements regarding crash carts is inaccurate?
Which of the following statements regarding crash carts is inaccurate?
What is the primary purpose of a stent in cardiac procedures?
What is the primary purpose of a stent in cardiac procedures?
Which procedure involves the removal of a diseased heart?
Which procedure involves the removal of a diseased heart?
Cardiac ablation is primarily used to achieve what outcome?
Cardiac ablation is primarily used to achieve what outcome?
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is primarily caused by what?
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is primarily caused by what?
What is a potential effect of ACE inhibitors on the kidneys?
What is a potential effect of ACE inhibitors on the kidneys?
Which of the following is NOT a type of cardiac drug mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of cardiac drug mentioned?
How do calcium channel blockers (CCBs) lower blood pressure?
How do calcium channel blockers (CCBs) lower blood pressure?
What is the aim of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG)?
What is the aim of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG)?
The function of anti-coagulants in cardiac care is primarily to:
The function of anti-coagulants in cardiac care is primarily to:
What critical function do beta-blockers have in relation to heart activity?
What critical function do beta-blockers have in relation to heart activity?
What is the purpose of using flexible tubes, known as catheters, during cardiac procedures?
What is the purpose of using flexible tubes, known as catheters, during cardiac procedures?
Why is regular blood testing necessary for individuals taking ACE inhibitors?
Why is regular blood testing necessary for individuals taking ACE inhibitors?
Which of the following effects do thiazide diuretics NOT have?
Which of the following effects do thiazide diuretics NOT have?
What is a common misconception about the function of calcium channel blockers?
What is a common misconception about the function of calcium channel blockers?
Which medication class is known for slowing down the heart rate?
Which medication class is known for slowing down the heart rate?
What is the primary action of thiazide diuretics?
What is the primary action of thiazide diuretics?
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Study Notes
Membrane Potential and Action Potential
- Resting membrane potential is approximately -70 mV, indicating a negatively charged cell interior compared to the exterior.
- Depolarization decreases negativity inside the cell, primarily through sodium channels opening and allowing sodium ions to enter.
- Following depolarization, potassium channels open, allowing potassium ions to exit, restoring negativity to the cell interior through repolarization.
- The repolarization process ultimately restores the resting membrane potential after an action potential.
Echocardiography and Holter Monitoring
- Echocardiography uses standard or Doppler ultrasound to visualize heart structures.
- Holter monitoring provides continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) data for 24 hours or longer, capturing heart electrical activity during daily activities.
- Atrial fibrillation (A-fib) involves rapid and uncoordinated heartbeats that can lead to decreased blood flow and complications, including stroke.
- Atrial flutter is a more organized rhythm than A-fib but still involves abnormal electrical signals in the heart.
- Ventricular tachycardia (VTach) is characterized by fast heartbeats from abnormal signals in the ventricles, risking inefficient blood pumping.
- Ventricular fibrillation presents chaotic heart rhythms that prevent effective blood circulation.
Crash Cart/Code Cart
- The crash cart is a mobile station equipped for life-threatening emergencies, facilitating rapid treatment during code blue situations.
- Regular checks by nursing staff ensure crash cart functionality and equipment standardization.
- Key items include a defibrillator, Ambu bags, suction catheters, and ECG strips.
- Proper arrangement includes ensuring all equipment is easily accessible in patient care areas and maintaining expiration dates of supplies.
Cardiac Medications
- ACE inhibitors reduce blood supply to kidneys, necessitating regular blood tests due to potential kidney inefficiency.
- Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) decrease calcium levels to relax blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and ease heart workload.
- Thiazide diuretics promote sodium and water elimination by the kidneys, effectively lowering blood volume and pressure.
- Beta-blockers slow heart rate and reduce heart force, leading to decreased blood pressure.
Cardiac Procedures
- Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery treats coronary artery disease by bypassing narrowed arteries with grafts of healthy vessels.
- Heart transplant involves replacing a diseased heart with a healthy donor heart to enhance quality of life and longevity.
- Stents are metal mesh coils placed in arteries to maintain openness and improve blood flow.
- Cardiac ablation scars heart tissue to prevent abnormal electrical signals, thereby restoring normal heart rhythm.
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