Neuroscience Membrane Potential Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which condition is characterized by a rapid, uncoordinated heart rate?

Atrial Fibrillation (correct)

Normal Sinus Rhythm

Ventricular Fibrillation

Atrial Flutter

What is a characteristic of atrial flutter compared to atrial fibrillation?

Atrial flutter has a more chaotic rhythm than atrial fibrillation.

Atrial flutter is always temporary.

Atrial flutter does not affect cardiac output.

Atrial flutter is more organized than atrial fibrillation. (correct)

What serious complication is associated with A-fib?

Palpitations

Stroke (correct)

Hypertension

Heart Murmur

What effect does ventricular tachycardia have on the heart?

Prevents proper blood filling in the heart chambers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the resting membrane potential of a cell?

-70 mV Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms is synonymous with ventricular tachycardia?

V-tach Signup and view all the answers

What primary condition can lead to atrial fibrillation?

Malfunction of the heart's primary pacemaker. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the cell interior's charge during depolarization?

It becomes less negative due to sodium ions entering. Signup and view all the answers

Which ion's movement is primarily responsible for the repolarization phase of the action potential?

Potassium ions Signup and view all the answers

Atrial fibrillation may cause episodes of which significant symptoms?

Low pulse rate and fainting. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a normal sinus rhythm from abnormal heart rhythms?

Normal sinus rhythm involves coordinated heartbeats. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Holter monitor used for?

To record the electrical activity of the heart continuously. Signup and view all the answers

Which process restores the resting membrane potential after depolarization?

Repolarization Signup and view all the answers

What role do sodium channels play in action potential firing?

They generate a depolarization current. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do potassium channels open to allow potassium ions to leave the cell?

Repolarization phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a crash cart?

To provide a mobile station for treating life-threatening situations. Signup and view all the answers

What is echocardiography primarily used for?

To visualize and assess the heart using ultrasound. Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for checking the crash cart every shift?

The head nurse or staff nurse. Signup and view all the answers

How often should crash cart items be checked for expiry dates?

Monthly. Signup and view all the answers

What type of equipment is a defibrillator primarily used for?

Controlling heart fibrillation. Signup and view all the answers

Which item is NOT part of the arrangement on the top shelf of the crash cart?

Suction Catheter. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of the mobility of a crash cart?

It enables treatment to be brought to the patient as needed. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Ambubag device do?

It delivers rescue breaths to cardiac arrest victims. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding crash carts is inaccurate?

There is no standardization in equipment arrangement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a stent in cardiac procedures?

To maintain patency of the artery Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves the removal of a diseased heart?

Heart transplant Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac ablation is primarily used to achieve what outcome?

Block abnormal electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is primarily caused by what?

A build-up of fatty material within artery walls Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of ACE inhibitors on the kidneys?

They can make the kidneys less effective by reducing blood supply. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of cardiac drug mentioned?

Calcium Channel Blockers Signup and view all the answers

How do calcium channel blockers (CCBs) lower blood pressure?

By relaxing vascular smooth muscle and widening arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG)?

To treat coronary artery disease Signup and view all the answers

The function of anti-coagulants in cardiac care is primarily to:

Reduce blood clot formation Signup and view all the answers

What critical function do beta-blockers have in relation to heart activity?

They reduce the force of heartbeat and slow heart rate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using flexible tubes, known as catheters, during cardiac procedures?

To thread through blood vessels to reach the heart Signup and view all the answers

Why is regular blood testing necessary for individuals taking ACE inhibitors?

To evaluate kidney function due to potential decreased blood supply. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following effects do thiazide diuretics NOT have?

Increasing sodium retention. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the function of calcium channel blockers?

They cause the arteries to narrow. Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is known for slowing down the heart rate?

Beta-blockers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of thiazide diuretics?

To help kidneys excrete sodium and water. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Membrane Potential and Action Potential

Resting membrane potential is approximately -70 mV, indicating a negatively charged cell interior compared to the exterior.
Depolarization decreases negativity inside the cell, primarily through sodium channels opening and allowing sodium ions to enter.
Following depolarization, potassium channels open, allowing potassium ions to exit, restoring negativity to the cell interior through repolarization.
The repolarization process ultimately restores the resting membrane potential after an action potential.

Echocardiography and Holter Monitoring

Echocardiography uses standard or Doppler ultrasound to visualize heart structures.
Holter monitoring provides continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) data for 24 hours or longer, capturing heart electrical activity during daily activities.
Atrial fibrillation (A-fib) involves rapid and uncoordinated heartbeats that can lead to decreased blood flow and complications, including stroke.
Atrial flutter is a more organized rhythm than A-fib but still involves abnormal electrical signals in the heart.
Ventricular tachycardia (VTach) is characterized by fast heartbeats from abnormal signals in the ventricles, risking inefficient blood pumping.
Ventricular fibrillation presents chaotic heart rhythms that prevent effective blood circulation.

Crash Cart/Code Cart

The crash cart is a mobile station equipped for life-threatening emergencies, facilitating rapid treatment during code blue situations.
Regular checks by nursing staff ensure crash cart functionality and equipment standardization.
Key items include a defibrillator, Ambu bags, suction catheters, and ECG strips.
Proper arrangement includes ensuring all equipment is easily accessible in patient care areas and maintaining expiration dates of supplies.

Cardiac Medications

ACE inhibitors reduce blood supply to kidneys, necessitating regular blood tests due to potential kidney inefficiency.
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) decrease calcium levels to relax blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and ease heart workload.
Thiazide diuretics promote sodium and water elimination by the kidneys, effectively lowering blood volume and pressure.
Beta-blockers slow heart rate and reduce heart force, leading to decreased blood pressure.

Cardiac Procedures

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery treats coronary artery disease by bypassing narrowed arteries with grafts of healthy vessels.
Heart transplant involves replacing a diseased heart with a healthy donor heart to enhance quality of life and longevity.
Stents are metal mesh coils placed in arteries to maintain openness and improve blood flow.
Cardiac ablation scars heart tissue to prevent abnormal electrical signals, thereby restoring normal heart rhythm.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the concepts of membrane potential in neuroscience, including resting and depolarization phases. Understand the changes in charge across the cell membrane during these processes, along with the role of sodium channels. This quiz is essential for students of neurobiology and physiology.