Neuroscience Lecture 4 Quiz

<p>They rely on the release of neurotransmitters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transmit signals across the synaptic cleft (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents the generation of an action potential (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptors determine the effect of the neurotransmitter, whether excitatory or inhibitory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store neurotransmitters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the signal is not overstimulating the postsynaptic cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical synapses are faster, while chemical synapses are slower (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport into nearby glial cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionotropic receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium (Na+) (A), Calcium (Ca+2) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acting as an ion channel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GABA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The G protein activates a kinase that phosphorylates the ion channel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They directly open ion channels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IPSPs make it more difficult to generate an action potential (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amplitude of the potential is directly proportional to the strength of the stimulus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing second messengers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simultaneous input from multiple presynaptic neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A change in the receptor's conformation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnesium (Mg2+) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionotropic receptors are faster because they directly open ion channels, while metabotropic receptors use a signaling cascade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The G protein exchanges GDP for GTP on its a subunit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can activate effectors in some systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to hydrolyze GTP to GDP, inactivating the a subunit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation or inhibition of the effector. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The a subunit hydrolyses GTP to GDP and re-associates with the bg subunits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GPCRs that activate ion channels directly do not involve the dissociation of G protein subunits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipase C (A), Adenylate cyclase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP by the a subunit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are activated by the bg subunits of the G protein. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The direct ion channel activation pathway does not involve the activation of G protein. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which neurotransmitters are released from one neuron to communicate with another.

Chemical substances that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Proteins on the postsynaptic cell membrane that neurotransmitters bind to, initiating a response.

Changes in the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron in response to neurotransmitter binding.

A type of synapse where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals across a gap between neurons.

Neurotransmitters that increase the likelihood of a neuron firing an action potential.

Neurotransmitters that decrease the likelihood of a neuron firing an action potential.

A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron when it is activated.

G protein dissociates from receptor when activated.

Slight depolarization via increased permeability to Na+ and Ca+2, raising action potential chance.

Slight hyperpolarization from increased permeability to Cl- or K+, making action potential harder.

Additive effect of multiple electrical impulses resulting in larger graded potentials.

A microscopic space between two neurons or a neuron and a target cell.

The neuron that sends the signal at a synapse.

The neuron that receives the signal at a synapse.

A synapse between an axon and a dendrite.

The process that ensures neurotransmitters do not overstimulate the postsynaptic cell.

Process whereby G proteins are activated through ligand binding and subunit dissociation.

The process where G protein separates from the receptor after activation.

The exchange of GDP for GTP on the G protein subunit during activation.

Dissociated G protein subunits bind to effectors to activate or inhibit them.

The state formed when GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP, restoring G protein to its inactive form.

The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP, resulting in G protein deactivation.

The beta-gamma subunits of G proteins that can activate effectors.

The binding of a trimeric G protein complex to a G-protein-coupled receptor.

The process where G protein subunits activate ion channels like K+ and Ca2+.

The initial step in G protein activation when a ligand attaches to its receptor.

The process of neurotransmitters being transported back into the presynaptic terminal for reuse or degradation.

The conversion of neurotransmitters into inactive substances by enzymes, either in the synaptic cleft or inside cells.

The process where neurotransmitters move away from the receptor site at the synapse.

Receptors that open in response to neurotransmitter binding, leading to fast neurotransmission.

A type of ligand-gated receptor that directly forms ion channels for rapid neurotransmission.

A change in a neuron's membrane potential that makes it more positive, often leading to excitation.

G-protein coupled receptors linked to slow neurotransmission and indirect channel modulation.

Receptors with seven transmembrane domains that activate G-proteins for signaling effects.

Molecules that relay signals from receptors to target molecules inside the cell, amplifying the effect.

The initial action where neurotransmitters attach to receptors to initiate signaling.