Biology: Coordination and Response

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Questions and Answers

What is one effect of adrenaline on the pupils of the eye?

They dilate to allow more light in. (correct)

They constrict to reduce light exposure.

They remain unchanged regardless of adrenaline levels.

They change color to indicate danger.

Which of the following hormones is responsible for reducing blood glucose concentration?

Insulin (correct)

Adrenaline

Testosterone

Oestrogen

In which situation is adrenaline secretion likely to increase?

While taking a leisurely walk.

During a peaceful meditation session.

While enjoying a calm dinner.

When encountering a frightening situation. (correct)

What is one function of adrenaline during a stressful situation?

It directs more blood to the brain and muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What role does testosterone play in the body?

Causes development of male secondary sexual characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of testosterone in muscle development?

It helps in building proteins from amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT responsible for maintaining homeostasis?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vasoconstriction?

To reduce heat loss from the body. Signup and view all the answers

How does the skin help in regulating body temperature during overheating?

By producing more sweat. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is NOT a way the body loses heat?

Production of excess body fat Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamus in body temperature regulation?

It detects temperature changes and sends signals to the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential health risk of using anabolic steroids?

Decreased efficiency of the immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the motor neuron in a reflex arc?

To stimulate an effector such as a muscle Signup and view all the answers

What role does fat play in regulating body temperature?

It serves as an insulator, reducing heat loss. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes involuntary actions in the human body?

They are reflex actions that do not involve the brain. Signup and view all the answers

Which component ensures one-way transmission across a synapse?

Synaptic vesicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of hormones in the body?

They are chemical messengers that alter the activity of target organs Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are found in a synapse?

Neurotransmitter vesicles and synaptic cleft Signup and view all the answers

How does an impulse progress across a synapse?

By releasing neurotransmitters that bind to receptor molecules. Signup and view all the answers

How does insulin function in the body?

It converts glucose into glycogen for storage Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of insulin when blood glucose levels are normal?

Stimulates the conversion of excess glucose to glycogen. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of synapses in a reflex arc?

To facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons. Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for maintaining the body's temperature in hot weather?

Vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the synaptic cleft?

It is a site for neurotransmitter diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Which system integrates and produces nerve impulses?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What role does adrenaline play in the body?

Prepares the body by increasing heart rate and blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for reacting to stress inducing 'fight or flight' situations?

Adrenaline Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sensory neurons?

To collect signals from receptors and send them to the CNS. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about glucagon is correct?

It helps raise blood glucose levels by breaking down glycogen. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding diabetes?

Both types of diabetes involve an excess of insulin Signup and view all the answers

Why can't insulin be taken orally?

It is destroyed by digestive enzymes in the stomach. Signup and view all the answers

What does the motor neuron convey?

Impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about drugs like heroin in relation to synapses?

They enhance the release of neurotransmitters. Signup and view all the answers

What can result from uncontrolled Type 1 diabetes?

Reduced muscle mass. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which vasodilation helps regulate body temperature?

It keeps blood vessels in the skin wider. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of diabetes?

Severe fatigue. Signup and view all the answers

How does the body primarily lose heat through sweating?

Through the absorption of heat energy during sweat evaporation. Signup and view all the answers

What is an autoimmune characteristic of Type 1 diabetes?

The immune system attacks insulin-producing cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is essential for managing diabetes effectively?

Regular exercise and blood sugar monitoring. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a component of the negative feedback mechanism related to blood glucose levels?

Insulin is secreted when blood glucose levels decrease. Signup and view all the answers

What role does adrenaline play during a fight or flight situation?

It causes breathing rate to increase for more oxygen intake. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood vessels during vasoconstriction?

Blood vessels constrict to limit blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

Which organ detects changes in blood glucose levels during the feedback process?

Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily increases due to adrenaline in a high-stress situation?

Breathing rate increases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the body's negative feedback after blood glucose returns to normal levels?

Secretion of insulin and glucagon is inhibited. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Coordination and Response

Key points for coordination and response are distinguished between voluntary and involuntary actions.
The structure of a synapse is described, including neurotransmitter-containing vesicles, the synaptic cleft, and neurotransmitter receptor molecules.
An impulse triggers the release of a neurotransmitter from vesicles into the synaptic gap.
The neurotransmitter diffuses across to bind with receptor molecules in the postsynaptic neuron's membrane, causing the impulse to continue.
Synapses ensure that impulses travel in one direction only in a reflex arc.
Many drugs, such as heroin, act on synapses.

Coordination and Response: Nervous System

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord.
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerves that extend from the CNS and connect to the rest of the body.
The function of the CNS is to receive impulses from different receptors, integrate impulses, and produce nerve impulses.
Sensory organs are groups of receptor cells that respond to specific stimuli.
Effectors are parts of the body that go into action when they receive impulses.
Coordination is the way in which receptors pick up stimuli and pass information to effectors.

Coordination and Response: Spinal Cord

The spinal cord conducts impulses from the brain to effectors.
It controls reflex actions below the neck.
It conducts impulses from sense organs below the neck.

Coordination and Response: Neuron

Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system.
Sensory neurons carry impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS.
Motor neurons carry impulses from the CNS to effectors.
Relay neurons connect sensory and motor neurons in the CNS.
Myelin sheaths are made of fatty cells that surround the axon to increase the speed of transmission of impulses

Coordination and Response: Synapse

A synapse is a junction between two neurons.
Contains a synaptic cleft.
Vesicles contain neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters bind to postsynaptic receptors.

Coordination and Response: Nerve Impulses

Nerve impulses are electrical signals that travel along nerve fibers.
A ganglion is a swelling in a sensory neuron that contains the cell body.
Cell bodies of both motor and relay neurons are in the grey matter.

Coordination and Response: Reflex Action

A reflex action is a rapid involuntary response to a stimulus.
Reflex actions are important for survival and learning.

Coordination and Response: Reflex Arc

The reflex arc is the pathway of impulses during a reflex action.
Receptors send sensory impulses to the CNS through the dorsal root.
Sensory neurons form a synapse.
Impulses travel through the connector to the motor neurons.
Motor neurons carry impulses through the ventral root to muscles.

Homeostasis

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism.
Organs responsible for homeostasis include lungs, skin, kidneys, and liver.
Mechanisms for maintaining temperature in a hot/cold environment.

Homeostasis: Hormones

Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands.
Hormones reach target organs via the bloodstream.
Specific examples of hormones discussed include insulin, adrenaline, glucagon, estrogen, testosterone..
Mechanisms by which hormones address glucose levels.
Actions carried out by different hormones to maintain homeostasis.

Homeostasis: Negative Feedback

Negative feedback is a process in homeostasis to regulate various internal conditions.
The process consists of steps like detection of changes by sensors, sending signals to responding organs, and the organs adjusting their activity.

Other Important Concepts

Anabolic steroids: Steroid hormones that stimulate the building of proteins from amino acids.
Diabetes: Condition where blood glucose regulation is impaired.

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Description

Explore the fascinating concepts of coordination and response in the nervous system. This quiz covers the key points of voluntary and involuntary actions, the structure of synapses, and the roles of neurotransmitters. Test your knowledge on the central and peripheral nervous systems.