Neuroscience Exam 3 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which location on the body has the largest region of somatosensory cortex representing it?

Lips

The thalamus is the transfer point for most sensory tracts to reach the cerebral cortex. An exception would be which of these?

Vision

Touch

Hearing

Smell (correct)

Which region of the frontal lobe is responsible for initiating movement by directly connecting to cranial and spinal motor neurons?

Primary motor cortex

The loss of lateral peripheral vision is known as ___________.

Bilateral hemianopia Signup and view all the answers

Axons in which tract are considered to be both ipsilateral and contralateral?

Anterior corticospinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter will result in constriction of the pupil?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system ___________.

Not mediates the body's response to stress Signup and view all the answers

Which of these cranial nerves contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

Facial, CN VII Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fiber could be considered the longest?

Preganglionic parasympathetic Signup and view all the answers

Referred pain is ____________.

Conscious perception Signup and view all the answers

Hormones produced and released from sex organs include which of the following?

Inhibin Signup and view all the answers

The alpha cells of the pancreatic islets produce and secrete _________.

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

Hormones regulate certain target cell responses. These can include which of the following?

Sexual function Signup and view all the answers

The nervous system uses which of the following types of intercellular communication?

Electrical and chemical Signup and view all the answers

The adrenal glands are wedges of glandular and neuroendocrine tissue adhering to the top of the _________.

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates blood ________ levels.

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

The hormones of the human body can be divided into which of the following major groups?

Hormones derived from lipids Signup and view all the answers

One of the major functions of the adrenal glands is to respond to ________.

Stress Signup and view all the answers

The gonads produce what class of hormones?

Steroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

The development of a goiter indicates that ________.

There is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles Signup and view all the answers

The most common blood type of all Americans is which of the following?

O+ Signup and view all the answers

Lymphocytes can be classified into which group or groups?

T-cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is/are correct in describing thrombosis:

A condition characterized by excessive numbers of platelets that increases the risk for excessive clot formation. Signup and view all the answers

The blood type of a person's blood depends on which of the following factors?

The ABO part of the blood type depends on which of the A and B antigens, or both, or neither, are found on the surface of the erythrocytes. Whether the blood is Rh+ or Rh- depends on whether or not the Rh antigen is present. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true of leukocytes?

The leukocyte is a major component of the body's defenses against disease. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is/are true of red blood cells?

As an erythrocyte matures in the red bone marrow, it extrudes its nucleus and most of its other organelles. During the first day or two that it is in the circulation, an immature erythrocyte is known as a reticulocyte. The mature red blood cell does not contain a nucleus. This enables each RBC to contain 1 molecule of the protein named hemoglobin. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is/are important in the process named hemostasis by which the body seals a ruptured blood vessel?

The process includes vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, and coagulation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Somatosensory Cortex and Thalamus

The lips have the largest area of representation in the somatosensory cortex as per the sensory homunculus.
The thalamus serves as the primary transfer point for sensory information to the cerebral cortex, with the exception of the sense of smell (olfaction).

Brain Regions and Movement

The primary motor cortex is the specific region of the frontal lobe that initiates voluntary movement, connecting directly to cranial and spinal motor neurons.

Vision and Eye Health

Bilateral hemianopia refers to the loss of lateral peripheral vision, which can indicate issues with the visual pathways.

Neural Tracts and Fibers

The anterior corticospinal tract contains axons that are both ipsilateral (same side) and contralateral (opposite side) in function.
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are typically the longest nerve fibers in the autonomic nervous system.

Autonomic Nervous System and Neurotransmitters

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter responsible for causing pupil constriction.
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system does not mediate stress responses.

Cranial Nerves and Hormonal Functions

The facial nerve (CN VII) contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers, contributing to functions such as tear and salivary production.
Sex organs produce hormones including estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, as well as inhibin, while FSH and LH are produced by the pituitary gland.

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones influence various target cell responses such as metabolism, sexual function, fluid balance, and tissue growth and development.
The nervous system utilizes both electrical and chemical means for intercellular communication.

Endocrine Structures and Functions

Adrenal glands are situated on top of the kidneys and play a crucial role in responding to stress through hormone production.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is produced by the parathyroid glands and regulates calcium levels in the blood.
Hormones derived from amino acids and lipids constitute major groups of human hormones.

Blood Types and Immune System Components

The most prevalent blood type among Americans is O+.
Lymphocytes include B-cells, T-cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, while monocytes are a different category of white blood cells.
Thrombosis is characterized by excessive platelet levels, increasing the risk of excessive blood clot formation.

Blood Composition and Function

The ABO blood type classification is determined by the presence or absence of A and B antigens on erythrocytes, while the Rh factor indicates the presence of the Rh antigen.
Leukocytes (white blood cells) are essential for the body's defense against disease.
Red blood cells (RBCs) lose their nucleus and organelles as they mature, allowing them to maximize hemoglobin content for oxygen transport.

Hemostasis

Hemostasis is the process that involves mechanisms to seal ruptured blood vessels, involving elements such as platelets and clotting factors.

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Description

Prepare for your neuroscience exam with these flashcards focusing on the somatosensory cortex, thalamus, and movement initiation. Test your knowledge on key concepts that are crucial for understanding brain function and sensory processing. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning before the exam.