Questions and Answers
Which location on the body has the largest region of somatosensory cortex representing it?
Lips
The thalamus is the transfer point for most sensory tracts to reach the cerebral cortex. An exception would be which of these?
Which region of the frontal lobe is responsible for initiating movement by directly connecting to cranial and spinal motor neurons?
Primary motor cortex
The loss of lateral peripheral vision is known as ___________.
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Axons in which tract are considered to be both ipsilateral and contralateral?
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What neurotransmitter will result in constriction of the pupil?
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The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system ___________.
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Which of these cranial nerves contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
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Which type of fiber could be considered the longest?
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Referred pain is ____________.
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Hormones produced and released from sex organs include which of the following?
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The alpha cells of the pancreatic islets produce and secrete _________.
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Hormones regulate certain target cell responses. These can include which of the following?
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The nervous system uses which of the following types of intercellular communication?
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The adrenal glands are wedges of glandular and neuroendocrine tissue adhering to the top of the _________.
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The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates blood ________ levels.
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The hormones of the human body can be divided into which of the following major groups?
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One of the major functions of the adrenal glands is to respond to ________.
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The gonads produce what class of hormones?
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The development of a goiter indicates that ________.
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The most common blood type of all Americans is which of the following?
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Lymphocytes can be classified into which group or groups?
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Which of the following is/are correct in describing thrombosis:
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The blood type of a person's blood depends on which of the following factors?
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Which of the following is true of leukocytes?
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Which of the following is/are true of red blood cells?
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Which of the following is/are important in the process named hemostasis by which the body seals a ruptured blood vessel?
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Study Notes
Somatosensory Cortex and Thalamus
- The lips have the largest area of representation in the somatosensory cortex as per the sensory homunculus.
- The thalamus serves as the primary transfer point for sensory information to the cerebral cortex, with the exception of the sense of smell (olfaction).
Brain Regions and Movement
- The primary motor cortex is the specific region of the frontal lobe that initiates voluntary movement, connecting directly to cranial and spinal motor neurons.
Vision and Eye Health
- Bilateral hemianopia refers to the loss of lateral peripheral vision, which can indicate issues with the visual pathways.
Neural Tracts and Fibers
- The anterior corticospinal tract contains axons that are both ipsilateral (same side) and contralateral (opposite side) in function.
- Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are typically the longest nerve fibers in the autonomic nervous system.
Autonomic Nervous System and Neurotransmitters
- Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter responsible for causing pupil constriction.
- The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system does not mediate stress responses.
Cranial Nerves and Hormonal Functions
- The facial nerve (CN VII) contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers, contributing to functions such as tear and salivary production.
- Sex organs produce hormones including estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, as well as inhibin, while FSH and LH are produced by the pituitary gland.
Hormonal Regulation
- Hormones influence various target cell responses such as metabolism, sexual function, fluid balance, and tissue growth and development.
- The nervous system utilizes both electrical and chemical means for intercellular communication.
Endocrine Structures and Functions
- Adrenal glands are situated on top of the kidneys and play a crucial role in responding to stress through hormone production.
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is produced by the parathyroid glands and regulates calcium levels in the blood.
- Hormones derived from amino acids and lipids constitute major groups of human hormones.
Blood Types and Immune System Components
- The most prevalent blood type among Americans is O+.
- Lymphocytes include B-cells, T-cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, while monocytes are a different category of white blood cells.
- Thrombosis is characterized by excessive platelet levels, increasing the risk of excessive blood clot formation.
Blood Composition and Function
- The ABO blood type classification is determined by the presence or absence of A and B antigens on erythrocytes, while the Rh factor indicates the presence of the Rh antigen.
- Leukocytes (white blood cells) are essential for the body's defense against disease.
- Red blood cells (RBCs) lose their nucleus and organelles as they mature, allowing them to maximize hemoglobin content for oxygen transport.
Hemostasis
- Hemostasis is the process that involves mechanisms to seal ruptured blood vessels, involving elements such as platelets and clotting factors.
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Description
Prepare for your neuroscience exam with these flashcards focusing on the somatosensory cortex, thalamus, and movement initiation. Test your knowledge on key concepts that are crucial for understanding brain function and sensory processing. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning before the exam.