Neuroscience: Corticospinal and Extrapyramidal Systems

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Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by neurons in the red nucleus?

Acetylcholine

Serotonin

Dopamine

Glutamate (correct)

What is the major function of the cerebellum?

Processing visual information

Coordinating movement (correct)

Regulating hormone release

Regulating heart rate

Which part of the brain contains the vestibular nuclei that receive input about head position and movement?

Brainstem (correct)

Cerebellum

Hypothalamus

Cerebrum

What forms a ridge along the midline of the cerebellum?

Vermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tracts of axons that connect the cerebellum with the rest of the brain?

Cerebellar peduncles Signup and view all the answers

From where do the neurons in the cerebellum receive inputs about body position and movement?

Vestibular system, spinal cord, and red nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter is released by many of the neurons in the basal nuclei?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

Where are the extrapyramidal system's neuronal pathways located?

Brainstem and midbrain Signup and view all the answers

Where do some of the corticospinal axons continue along after not crossing midline in the medulla?

Spinal cord in the ventral funiculus Signup and view all the answers

Which group of neurons in the brainstem can regulate motor activity and determine alertness and consciousness?

Reticular formation Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is important for the initiation of movement and motor learning?

Basal nuclei Signup and view all the answers

Where is the red nucleus located?

Midbrain Signup and view all the answers

How many muscle fibers can each alpha motor neuron innervate?

Up to 1000 muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

In a motor unit, what does the alpha motor neuron innervate?

All the muscle fibers in the muscle Signup and view all the answers

Where are motor units typically smaller?

In the extraocular muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is a motor pool?

A group of alpha motor neurons that innervate all of the muscle fibers in a muscle Signup and view all the answers

How do the axons from each segment of the spinal cord exit the spinal canal?

As a ventral root Signup and view all the answers

What is the femoral nerve composed of?

Axons from the 4, 5, and 6 lumbar segments of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the connective tissue around a single axon called?

Endoneurium Signup and view all the answers

Where do the axons in a peripheral nerve synapse on skeletal muscle fibers?

At the neuromuscular junction Signup and view all the answers