Neuroscience Chapter on Brain Regions and Cells

<p>Providing rapid transport for nutrients and metabolites and forming part of the blood-brain barrier. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homunculus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parietal lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schwann cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages and Schwann cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7-14 days after injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporal lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune defense and removal of cellular debris. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 mm/day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To line ventricles and choroid plexuses and aid in CSF production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control of the opposite side of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased incidence of glial scar formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle frontal gyrus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent loss of the damaged cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The axon terminal swells and degenerates, losing contact with the postsynaptic membrane. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crushing injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longer distance between the cell body and the peripheral termination of the axon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are lost (chromatolysis). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toward the brain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carries impulses for the sense of smell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schwann cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substantia nigra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Third and fourth ventricles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrocephalus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reflexive, involuntary fine-tuning of motor control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The same (ipsilateral) side (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>V-VIII (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty with vision and hearing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oculomotor nerve dysfunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior colliculi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occipital lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysregulation of body temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-awareness and mood awareness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prefrontal cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gross eye movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle frontal gyrus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heartbeat regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control visual motor movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastric muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Core attention networks and decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cells that digest cellular debris in the nervous system after injury.

Glial cells that support nerve regeneration by forming a tubular structure after injury.

Changes at the injured end of an axon affecting its function, extending to the next node of Ranvier.

The process where axons regrow at approximately 1mm per day in the PNS.

A key factor affecting nerve recovery; closer to the cell body means lower regeneration chances.

Crushing injuries allow better recovery than cut injuries due to inflammatory response differences.

A limiting factor in CNS regeneration, forming due to injury and inflammation.

Carries sensory impulses for the sense of smell from olfactory epithelium to the brain.

Region of the brain responsible for goal-oriented behavior, memory, and concentration.

Involves short term memory, thought elaboration, and inhibiting emotional responses.

Programs motor movements and controls eye movement using basal ganglia.

Controls voluntary motor function with somatotopic organization, including contralateral control.

Controls the motor aspect of speech and is involved in language processing.

A map of the body's representation in the brain, particularly in the primary motor area.

Integrates sensory information, facilitating communication between motor and sensory areas.

Involved in language comprehension, located in the temporal lobe.

Nerves that carry signals toward the brain or spinal cord.

Nerves that carry signals away from the brain or spinal cord.

CNS support cells that form blood-brain barrier and transport nutrients.

CNS cells that form the myelin sheath around axons.

A process of neuron cell body swelling and loss of Nissl bodies after injury.

Degeneration of the distal axon after injury that occurs in the PNS.

The content of thought encompassing self, environment, and emotions.

Mental processes including attention, memory, and reasoning.

Brain networks involved in reasoning, planning, and decision making.

Brain area responsible for planning, evaluating outcomes, and self-control.

Ability to focus and work towards specific objectives.

Six muscles that control gross eye movements.

Area controlling voluntary eye movements in the frontal lobe.

Midbrain structures coordinating visual motor movements.

Receives sensory information and sends motor signals to the cervical spinal cord.

A brain region that synthesizes dopamine; its dysfunction is linked to Parkinson’s and schizophrenia.

Fibers connecting the brain's cortex to the brainstem; involved in coordinating movement.

A brain region responsible for motor control, balance, and posture; operates ipsilaterally.

Carries cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between the 3rd and 4th ventricles.

A structure that transmits information between the cerebellum and brainstem, containing cranial nerve nuclei.

Neural pathways that convey motor commands from the brain to the body.

Neurons that produce dopamine; dysfunction affects mood and coordination.

The ability of the eyes to follow moving objects in the visual field.

The oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens cranial nerves control ocular movements.

Located in the occipital lobe (Brodmann area 17), it processes visual information from the retina.

The midbrain coordinates motor and sensory pathways, including visual and auditory reflexes.

A part of the midbrain responsible for visual and auditory reflexes; includes superior and inferior colliculi.