Neuroscience Chapter: Neurons and Action Potentials

False (B)

sodium-potassium pump

<p>The measure of potential energy generated by separated charges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-70 mV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>current</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>polarized</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voltage-gated channels = Open at certain membrane potentials Ligand-gated channels = Open when a specific neurotransmitter latches on Mechanically gated channels = Open in response to physically stretching the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By varying the frequency or number of electrical pulses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To keep positive and negative charges separate until the energy is needed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>electrical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuron = A nerve cell that sends impulses Axon = The part of a neuron that transmits electrical impulses Action Potential = The electrical impulse that travels along a neuron Membrane = A barrier that separates electrical charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transmits the impulse down its axon to neighboring neurons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-55 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depolarization = Sodium ions rush into the cell, making it more positive. Repolarization = Potassium ions flow out of the cell, attempting to rebalance the charges. Hyperpolarization = Membrane voltage drops below the resting potential. Resting State = All of the ion channels are closed, and the inner voltage is resting at -70 mV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opening of voltage-gated potassium channels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>speed, frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'leaping' of action potentials from one Node of Ranvier to the next along a myelinated axon. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cells that transmit electrical impulses in the body.

An electrical impulse sent along a neuron's axon when stimulated.

A quick change in electrical charge that travels along a neuron.

The long part of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body.

The number of action potentials sent by a neuron in a given time.

The process of communication between neurons using action potentials.

The electrical properties of materials that affect neuron activity.

Barriers that keep positive and negative charges separate in neurons.

Compares the body to a battery storing electrical potential.

The way the brain interprets signals from neurons based on their patterns.

The process where the inside of a neuron becomes more positive than its resting state, typically reaching +40 mV.

The voltage across a neuron's membrane at rest, typically around -70 mV.

The phase following depolarization where potassium ions exit the neuron to restore negative internal charge.

A phase where the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential, usually around -75 mV.

The time during which a neuron cannot fire again immediately after an action potential, ensuring signal directionality.

The membrane voltage that must be reached for an action potential to occur; typically about -55 mV.

Gaps in the myelin sheath where action potentials are regenerated, allowing faster signal conduction.

The process by which action potentials jump from one Node of Ranvier to another, speeding up impulse transmission.

The rate at which action potentials occur, increasing with the strength of a stimulus.

The difference in charge inside and outside a neuron.

A protein that pumps sodium out and potassium into the neuron.

The difference in concentration and charge across a membrane.

A small change in membrane potential caused by few ion channels opening.

Ion channels that open at specific membrane potentials.

Ion channels that open when a specific molecule binds.

Ion channels that open in response to physical stretching.