Neuroscience: Central Nervous System Tracts

<p>Polysynaptic reflexes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gamma motor neuron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radial nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All muscle cells have contractility and elasticity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causes contraction when a muscle is stretched to maintain balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Femoral nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipolysis in adipocytes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support the vascular system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substance P. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are affected only by sympathetic fibers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain sensory endings that respond to stretch. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased glandular secretion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require multiple interneurons to connect sensory and motor pathways. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neck and upper back movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facial expression control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anchors the spinal cord to prevent longitudinal movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle spindles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allows for multiple routes of neural communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelinated axons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidural anesthesia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pelvic region and lower limbs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increase metabolic activity in skeletal and cardiac muscles.

Relax smooth muscles, widening airways.

Trigger lipolysis (fat breakdown) releasing nutrients into the bloodstream.

Often happen indirectly through effects on blood vessels; increased blood flow, increased secretion; decreased blood flow, decreased secretion.

ANS fibers may release neurotransmitters beyond ACh and NE, including enkephalins, substance P, and more.

Minimal repair ability, myosatellite cells are stem cells but cannot develop into a new muscle cell to replace a dead one.

Muscle's ability to respond to chemical, stretch, or electrical stimuli.

All muscle cells share excitability, conductivity, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity.

Damage to the radial nerve, often caused by crutch use, resulting in wrist drop (fingers and hand chronically flexed).

Injury to the sciatic nerve, often due to herniated disc or osteoarthritis, causing sharp pain traveling from the gluteal region down the leg to the ankle.

Reflexes that control smooth and cardiac muscles, glands, and adipose tissue (not muscular system).

The fastest and least complex spinal reflexes, involving a single synapse between sensory and motor neurons.

A reflex where a stretched muscle contracts to resist the stretch and maintain balance.

Specialized muscle fibers within a muscle spindle that detect stretch and trigger the stretch reflex.

Major nerve of the lumbar plexus, supplying the anterior and medial thigh compartments.

Two major branches of the sciatic nerve that serve the foot and leg.

Sensory nerves for taste and motor nerves for facial expressions.

Sensory nerves responsible for hearing and balance.

Sensory and motor nerves for taste and head/neck functions.

Sensory nerves for the internal organs (viscera), and motor nerves for digestion and breathing.

Motor nerves controlling neck and upper back muscles.

Motor nerves for tongue movement.

Thicker areas of the spinal cord, supplying nerves to limbs (upper and lower).

Temporary sensory block (and sometimes motor paralysis), performed in the epidural space to control pain, commonly during childbirth.