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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the axon terminals?
What is the function of the axon terminals?
- To receive incoming information and carry outgoing signals to target cells
- To integrate signals and mediate reflexes in the CNS
- To transport organelles and molecules using microtubules
- To release neurotransmitters and branch out to target cells (correct)
What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?
What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?
- Carrying outgoing signals to target cells
- Integrating signals and mediating reflexes in the CNS
- Receiving incoming information from other neurons (correct)
- Providing structure and stability throughout the length of the axons
What is the main function of afferent neurons?
What is the main function of afferent neurons?
- Releasing neurotransmitters at the axon terminals
- Integrating signals and mediating reflexes in the CNS
- Transmitting information out of the CNS to effector cells
- Transmitting information into the CNS from sensory receptors (correct)
What provides the 'road pathway' for the transport of organelles and molecules in axonal transport?
What provides the 'road pathway' for the transport of organelles and molecules in axonal transport?
What is the role of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?
What is the role of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?
What is the main function of microglia?
What is the main function of microglia?
What is the difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?
What is the difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?
What is the main function of ependymal cells in the central nervous system?
What is the main function of ependymal cells in the central nervous system?
What is plasticity in relation to neural growth and regeneration?
What is plasticity in relation to neural growth and regeneration?
What happens to a significant number of neurons that have differentiated from stem cells after birth?
What happens to a significant number of neurons that have differentiated from stem cells after birth?
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Study Notes
Neuron Structure and Function
- Axon terminals release neurotransmitters to transmit signals to other neurons or cells.
- Dendrites receive signals from other neurons through synaptic connections.
Types of Neurons
- Afferent neurons carry signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS).
Axonal Transport
- Microtubules provide the 'road pathway' for the transport of organelles and molecules in axonal transport.
Glial Cells
- Astrocytes in the CNS provide nutrients and oxygen to neurons, regulate the chemical environment, and maintain the blood-brain barrier.
- Microglia act as the immune system of the CNS, engulfing and destroying pathogens and debris.
- Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS, while Schwann cells myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Ependymal Cells
- Ependymal cells in the CNS produce cerebrospinal fluid, circulate it, and help to detect and respond to changes in the CNS.
Neural Development and Regeneration
- Plasticity in neural growth and regeneration refers to the ability of neurons to change and adapt in response to experience and the environment.
- A significant number of neurons that have differentiated from stem cells after birth undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis.
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