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Neuron Structure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the axon terminals?

To receive incoming information and carry outgoing signals to target cells

To integrate signals and mediate reflexes in the CNS

To transport organelles and molecules using microtubules

To release neurotransmitters and branch out to target cells (correct)

What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?

Carrying outgoing signals to target cells

Integrating signals and mediating reflexes in the CNS

Receiving incoming information from other neurons (correct)

Providing structure and stability throughout the length of the axons

What is the main function of afferent neurons?

Releasing neurotransmitters at the axon terminals

Integrating signals and mediating reflexes in the CNS

Transmitting information out of the CNS to effector cells

Transmitting information into the CNS from sensory receptors (correct)

What provides the 'road pathway' for the transport of organelles and molecules in axonal transport?

Microtubules Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Removing excess neurotransmitters in the synapses Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of microglia?

Acting as macrophages of the brain, eating up cell debris or bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around CNS neuron axons, while Schwann cells form myelin sheaths around neuronal axons of the PNS Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ependymal cells in the central nervous system?

Regulating the production and flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the CNS Signup and view all the answers

What is plasticity in relation to neural growth and regeneration?

The ability of neurons to remodel their synaptic connections, which declines with age Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a significant number of neurons that have differentiated from stem cells after birth?

They die, about 50-70% of them, which affects early memory formation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neuron Structure and Function

Axon terminals release neurotransmitters to transmit signals to other neurons or cells.
Dendrites receive signals from other neurons through synaptic connections.

Types of Neurons

Afferent neurons carry signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS).

Axonal Transport

Microtubules provide the 'road pathway' for the transport of organelles and molecules in axonal transport.

Glial Cells

Astrocytes in the CNS provide nutrients and oxygen to neurons, regulate the chemical environment, and maintain the blood-brain barrier.
Microglia act as the immune system of the CNS, engulfing and destroying pathogens and debris.
Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS, while Schwann cells myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Ependymal Cells

Ependymal cells in the CNS produce cerebrospinal fluid, circulate it, and help to detect and respond to changes in the CNS.

Neural Development and Regeneration

Plasticity in neural growth and regeneration refers to the ability of neurons to change and adapt in response to experience and the environment.
A significant number of neurons that have differentiated from stem cells after birth undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the structure of a neuron, including the cell body, dendrites, axon, and axonal transport. Questions cover the functions and components of each part, as well as their role in signal transmission.