Neuron Ion Channel Physiology

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Questions and Answers

What is the ionized form trying to do?

Enter the Cytoplasm through K Channels
Enter the Mitochondria through Ca Channels
Stay in the Nucleus
Leave the Cytoplasm through Na Channels (correct)

Why did the ionized form block the Na Channels?

Because it bonded with the Na Channels
Because it was not ionized
Because it wanted to stay in the Cytoplasm
Because it couldn't leave the Cytoplasm (correct)

What happened to the Na Channels?

They were destroyed
They were blocked (correct)
They were created
They were opened

What is the location where the ionized form is trying to leave?

Cytoplasm (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of Channels is the ionized form trying to use?

Na Channels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of having less bleeding during a surgical operation?

It makes the surgical field good for the surgeon (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a drawback of high BP during a surgical operation?

It leads to more bleeding (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of having less absorption during a surgical operation?

It results in less toxicity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a drawback of having more bleeding during a surgical operation?

It makes the surgical field bad for the surgeon (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of having less toxicity during a surgical operation?

It leads to less absorption (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding Epinephrin to anesthetic drugs?

Vasoconstriction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the original effect of anesthetic drugs?

Vasodilation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition associated with the original anesthetic drugs?

Low blood pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding Epinephrin to anesthetic drugs?

To counteract low blood pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of combining anesthetic drugs with Epinephrin?

Vasoconstriction and high blood pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which patients is N2O contraindicated?

Those with a pneumothorax or closed air space in the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of N2O?

Tympanic membrane graft (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of obstruction where N2O is contraindicated?

Closed loop bowel obstruction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is another condition where N2O is contraindicated?

Air embolism (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for contraindicating N2O in certain patients?

Risk of expansion of closed air space (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pressure required for Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) in Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)?

20 cm H₂0 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of using Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)?

To provide a secure airway (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for using Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)?

Difficulty in bag-valve-mask ventilation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)?

Requires minimal setup and equipment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindication for using Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)?

Full stomach (B) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Anesthetics and Vasodilation

Ionized form blocked from leaving cytoplasm through Na channels, so epinephrin is added to drugs for vasoconstriction effect.

Comparison of Vasodilator and Vasoconstrictor Drugs

Vasodilator (Original Drugs)
- Low blood pressure
- More bleeding
- Bad surgical field for surgeon
- More absorption
- More toxicity
Vasoconstrictor (Drugs with Epinephrin)
- High blood pressure
- Less bleeding
- Good surgical field for surgeon
- Less absorption
- Less toxicity