25 Questions
What is the ionized form trying to do?
Leave the Cytoplasm through Na Channels
Why did the ionized form block the Na Channels?
Because it couldn't leave the Cytoplasm
What happened to the Na Channels?
They were blocked
What is the location where the ionized form is trying to leave?
Cytoplasm
What type of Channels is the ionized form trying to use?
Na Channels
What is an advantage of having less bleeding during a surgical operation?
It makes the surgical field good for the surgeon
What is a drawback of high BP during a surgical operation?
It leads to more bleeding
What is an advantage of having less absorption during a surgical operation?
It results in less toxicity
What is a drawback of having more bleeding during a surgical operation?
It makes the surgical field bad for the surgeon
What is an advantage of having less toxicity during a surgical operation?
It leads to less absorption
What is the effect of adding Epinephrin to anesthetic drugs?
Vasoconstriction
What is the original effect of anesthetic drugs?
Vasodilation
What is the condition associated with the original anesthetic drugs?
Low blood pressure
What is the purpose of adding Epinephrin to anesthetic drugs?
To counteract low blood pressure
What is the result of combining anesthetic drugs with Epinephrin?
Vasoconstriction and high blood pressure
In which patients is N2O contraindicated?
Those with a pneumothorax or closed air space in the body
What is a contraindication for the use of N2O?
Tympanic membrane graft
What is a type of obstruction where N2O is contraindicated?
Closed loop bowel obstruction
What is another condition where N2O is contraindicated?
Air embolism
What is the reason for contraindicating N2O in certain patients?
Risk of expansion of closed air space
What is the pressure required for Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) in Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)?
20 cm H₂0
What is the primary objective of using Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)?
To provide a secure airway
What is the indication for using Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)?
Difficulty in bag-valve-mask ventilation
What is the advantage of using Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)?
Requires minimal setup and equipment
What is the contraindication for using Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)?
Full stomach
Study Notes
Anesthetics and Vasodilation
- Ionized form blocked from leaving cytoplasm through Na channels, so epinephrin is added to drugs for vasoconstriction effect.
Comparison of Vasodilator and Vasoconstrictor Drugs
-
Vasodilator (Original Drugs)
- Low blood pressure
- More bleeding
- Bad surgical field for surgeon
- More absorption
- More toxicity
-
Vasoconstrictor (Drugs with Epinephrin)
- High blood pressure
- Less bleeding
- Good surgical field for surgeon
- Less absorption
- Less toxicity
Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)
- Requires PPV >20 cm H₂O.
Contraindications of N₂O
- Patients with pneumothorax
- Patients with eye bubble
- Patients with tympanic membrane graft
- Patients with closed loop bowel obstruction
- Patients with air embolism
- Patients with any other closed air space in the body.
This quiz is about the ionized form's movement in cytoplasm and the role of Na channels in neuron physiology. It explores the mechanism of blocking Na channels and its implications on neuron function.
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