Neuromuscular System Overview
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Questions and Answers

Define: Neuromuscular Efficiency

The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to work synergistically to produce, reduce, and dynamically stabilize the entire kinetic chain in all three planes of motion.

Define: Postural Distortion Patterns

Predictable patterns of muscle imbalances.

Define: Relative flexibility

The tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance during functional movement patterns.

What are the three causes of muscle imbalances?

<p>Altered reciprocal inhibition, synergistic dominance, arthrokinematic dysfunction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define: Reciprocal inhibition

<p>Simultaneous relaxation of one muscle and the contraction of its antagonist to allow movement to occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of reciprocal inhibition.

<p>During a bicep curl, the biceps contract and as a result of reciprocal inhibition, the tricep head relaxes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define: Altered Reciprocal Inhibition

<p>The concept of muscle inhibition caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does altered reciprocal inhibition lead to?

<p>It alters force couple relationships, produces synergistic dominance, and leads to the development of faulty movement patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define: Synergistic Dominance

<p>Occurs when synergists take over as prime movers due to weak or inhibited prime movers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define: Arthrokinetic Dysfunction

<p>Altered forces at the joint that result in abnormal muscular activity and impaired neuromuscular communication at the joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing flexibility dysfunction always stretch the (BLANK) muscles?

<p>Overactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define: Autogenic Inhibition

<p>The process by which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define: Pattern Overload

<p>Consistently repeating the same pattern of motion, which may place abnormal stresses on the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Davis's Law?

<p>States that soft tissue models along the lines of stress, with an inelastic collagen matrix that forms in a random fashion, inhibiting tissue extensibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three phases of flexibility training?

<p>Corrective, active, functional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the OPT would one use corrective flexibility training?

<p>Stabilization level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which techniques does corrective flexibility training use?

<p>Self-myofascial release, static stretching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the OPT model would one use active stretching?

<p>Strength level, phases 2, 3, 4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which techniques does active flexibility training use?

<p>Self-myofascial release, active isolated stretching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the technique for active isolated stretching?

<p>Active-isolated stretching uses agonists and synergists to move a limb through an entire range of motion while simultaneously stretching the antagonist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the OPT model would one use functional flexibility techniques?

<p>Power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the techniques for functional flexibility training?

<p>Self-myofascial release, dynamic stretching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the technique for dynamic stretching?

<p>Requires integrated, multiplanar movements with optimal neuromuscular control, through full range of motion without compensations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using self-myofascial techniques, how long should you hold the stretch on the 'tender' spots?

<p>30 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within the flexibility continuum, what are some self-myofascial examples?

<p>SMR: Gastrocnemius/soleus, SMR: adductors, SMR: Latissimus Dorsi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some static stretching locations for a client using corrective flexibility?

<p>Static Gastrocnemius/soleus stretch, static adductor stretch, static Latissimus Dorsi stretch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Neuromuscular Efficiency

Ability of muscles and nerves to work together to stabilize joints across all movement planes.

Postural Distortion Patterns

Predictable patterns of muscle imbalances leading to postural distortions.

Relative Flexibility

The body's tendency to take the easiest route during movements due to tight muscles and connective tissue.

Muscle Imbalances

Muscle imbalances disrupt normal function, resulting from tight muscles.

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Reciprocal Inhibition

One muscle relaxes while its opposing muscle contracts, enabling movement.

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Altered Reciprocal Inhibition

Tight agonist muscles hinder antagonist function, disrupting muscle force balance.

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Synergistic Dominance

When weaker muscles take over for primary movers, leading to inefficient movement.

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Arthrokinematic Dysfunction

Abnormal joint forces cause muscle dysfunction and impaired nerve communication.

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Flexibility Dysfunction Assessment

Focusing on stretching overactive muscles to address flexibility issues.

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Autogenic Inhibition

When sensory signals from a tense muscle exceed contraction signals, leading to relaxation.

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Pattern Overload

Repetitive movements that put abnormal stress on the body.

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Davis's Law

Soft tissue adapts to forces and stresses it experiences, influencing flexibility.

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Flexibility Training Phases

Corrective, Active, and Functional Flexibility training.

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Corrective Flexibility

Utilizes self-myofascial release and static stretches, applied during the stabilization level of the OPT model.

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Active Flexibility

Employs self-myofascial release and active isolated stretching during the strength level of the OPT model.

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Active-Isolated Stretching Technique

Uses agonists and synergists for dynamic movement, simultaneously stretching the antagonist, applied in the strength level of the OPT model.

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Functional Flexibility

Combines self-myofascial release and dynamic stretching, utilized in the power phase of the OPT model.

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Dynamic Stretching

Integrated, multiplanar movements executed with optimal neuromuscular control and full range of motion.

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Self-Myofascial Release Duration

Hold stretches on tender spots for 30 seconds.

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Self-Myofascial Release Examples

Focus on specific areas like the gastrocnemius/soleus, adductors, and latissimus dorsi.

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Static Stretching for Corrective Flexibility

Static stretching for corrective flexibility, including stretches like gastrocnemius/soleus, adductor, and latissimus dorsi.

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Co-contraction

Muscles contract and relax at the same time, enabling coordinated movement.

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Static Stretching

A type of stretching that involves holding a stretch for a period of time, typically 30 seconds or longer.

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Dynamic Stretching

A type of stretching that involves actively moving through a range of motion, often mimicking a movement pattern.

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Self-Myofascial Release (SMR)

A type of stretching that involves using a foam roller or other tools to apply pressure to the muscles.

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Muscle Shortening

When a muscle becomes tight and shortened due to repetitive movements or postural imbalances.

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Muscle Lengthening

When a muscle becomes weak and lengthened due to inactivity or injury.

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Muscle Extensibility

The ability of a muscle to lengthen and shorten through its full range of motion.

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Study Notes

Neuromuscular System

  • Neuromuscular efficiency refers to the ability of the neuromuscular system to enable agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to work together, stabilizing the kinetic chain across all three planes of motion.

Muscle Imbalances

  • Postural distortion patterns denote predictable muscle imbalance configurations.
  • Relative flexibility is the body's tendency to adopt the path of least resistance in functional movements, influenced by tight muscles and connective tissue.

Causes of Muscle Imbalances

  • Muscle imbalances can arise from altered reciprocal inhibition, synergistic dominance, and arthrokinematic dysfunction.

Muscle Function

  • Reciprocal inhibition involves simultaneous muscle relaxation of one while another contracts, facilitating movement (e.g., bicep curl where biceps contract and triceps relax).
  • Altered reciprocal inhibition results from tight agonist muscles inhibiting their antagonists, disrupting force relationships and movement patterns.

Synergistic Dominance

  • This occurs when synergistic muscles compensate for inhibited prime movers, leading to dysfunctional movement mechanics.

Arthrokinematic Dysfunction

  • Refers to abnormal joint forces causing distorted muscular activity and impaired neuromuscular communication.

Flexibility Dysfunction Assessment

  • To address flexibility dysfunction, prioritize stretching overactive muscles.

Inhibition Mechanisms

  • Autogenic inhibition is when tension-sensing impulses exceed contraction impulses, leading to muscle relaxation.

Movement Patterns

  • Pattern overload happens when repetitive motion creates abnormal stresses on the body.

Davis's Law

  • States that soft tissue adapts along stress lines; injuries can lead to inelastic collagen formation that restricts extensibility.

Flexibility Training Phases

  • Three phases include corrective, active, and functional flexibility training.

Corrective Flexibility

  • Applied during the stabilization level of the OPT model, utilizing self-myofascial release and static stretching techniques.

Active Flexibility

  • Employed during the strength level of the OPT model (phases 2, 3, 4) and includes self-myofascial release and active isolated stretching.

Active-Isolated Stretching Technique

  • Utilizes agonists and synergists for dynamic movement through a range of motion while simultaneously stretching the antagonist.

Functional Flexibility

  • Part of the power phase of the OPT model, using self-myofascial release and dynamic stretching techniques.

Dynamic Stretching

  • Requires integrated, multiplanar movements executed with optimal neuromuscular control and full range of motion.

Self-Myofascial Release Duration

  • Hold stretches on tender spots for 30 seconds when performing self-myofascial release.

Self-Myofascial Release Examples

  • Notable techniques include SMR for the gastrocnemius/soleus, adductors, and latissimus dorsi.

Static Stretching for Corrective Flexibility

  • Focus on static stretches like gastrocnemius/soleus stretch, adductor stretch, and latissimus dorsi stretch to enhance flexibility.

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Description

This quiz delves into the neuromuscular system, focusing on neuromuscular efficiency, muscle imbalances, and their causes. You'll explore concepts like reciprocal inhibition and its role in muscle function and movement. Test your understanding of how muscles work together and the factors affecting their performance.

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