WK 2: Neuromuscular Junction & Skeletal Muscle

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a synapse?

  • To transmit electrical or chemical signals to another cell, muscle, or gland (correct)
  • To receive electrochemical signals from surrounding cells
  • To insulate the axon from surrounding tissues
  • To regulate the growth of adjacent neurons

What is the term for the process by which neurons communicate through electrochemical signals?

  • Neurotransmission
  • Synaptic transmission (correct)
  • Electrochemical signaling
  • Axonal transmission

What is the 'quantal nature' of synaptic transmission referring to?

  • The graded transmission of signals between neurons
  • The all-or-nothing principle of signal transmission (correct)
  • The continuous transmission of signals between neurons
  • The asynchronous transmission of signals between neurons

What is the 'sliding filaments' hypothesis in relation to muscle contraction?

<p>A theory that explains how muscles contract through the sliding of actin and myosin filaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'size principle' in relation to the control of skeletal muscles?

<p>The principle that smaller motor units are recruited first during muscle contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the organization of the somatomotor system in relation to skeletal muscles?

<p>A system that controls the contraction of skeletal muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the tropomyosin bridge when the muscle contracts?

<p>It is displaced (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are calcium ions stored in the muscle fiber?

<p>Sarcoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of the somatomotor system?

<p>Motor unit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the size of the motor unit?

<p>The size of the motor neuron pool (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of transmission of information across a synapse?

<p>Chemical signaling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Ca2+ in muscle contraction?

<p>Excitation-contraction coupling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the T-tubules in muscle contraction?

<p>To transmit the electrical impulse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of small motor units in skeletal muscle?

<p>They produce weak forces but are resistant to fatigue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the binding of myosin to actin?

<p>The muscle contracts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size principle in skeletal muscle recruitment?

<p>Smaller motor units are recruited first, with larger motor units being recruited progressively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high frequencies of stimulation on muscle force generation?

<p>It leads to an increase in force generation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the neurotransmitter involved in the neuromuscular junction?

<p>Acetylcholine (ACh) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which ACh is released in synaptic transmission?

<p>Release of ACh in packets of vesicles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the small voltages produced by the release of ACh in synaptic transmission?

<p>Miniature End Plate Potentials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the release of ACh vesicles in synaptic transmission?

<p>Always occurs in a probabilistic fashion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the component of skeletal muscle that contains multiple myofibrils?

<p>Muscle fiber (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the group of scientists who hypothesized the quantal nature of synaptic transmission?

<p>The Sydney gang (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the multiplication of the amplitude of the evoked response and the spontaneous synaptic potential amplitude?

<p>Multiplication factor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the intensity of a muscle contraction?

<p>The firing rate of motor units (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle that describes the order of recruitment of motor units?

<p>The size principle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the force produced by a muscle during continuous stimulation?

<p>It decreases due to fatigue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of summation of twitch forces in a muscle?

<p>A tetanic contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between firing rate and force production in a muscle?

<p>Force production is linearly proportional to firing rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the force-frequency curves following fatigue?

<p>They shift to the right (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Synapse Function

To transmit electrical or chemical signals to another cell, muscle, or gland.

Synaptic Transmission

Neurons communicate through electrochemical signals.

Quantal Nature

Signal transmission follows an all-or-nothing principle.

Sliding Filaments

Muscles contract through the sliding of actin and myosin filaments.

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Size Principle

Smaller motor units are recruited first during muscle contraction.

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Somatomotor System

Controls the contraction of skeletal muscles.

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Tropomyosin Bridge

It is displaced.

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Calcium Storage

Sarcoplasmic reticulum.

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Somatomotor Unit

Motor unit.

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Motor Unit Size

The size of the motor neuron pool.

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Synapse Transmission

Chemical signaling.

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Ca2+ Function

Excitation-contraction coupling.

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T-Tubules Role

To transmit the electrical impulse.

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Small Motor Units

They produce weak forces but are resistant to fatigue.

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Myosin-Actin Binding

The muscle contracts.

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Size Principle in Recruitment

Smaller motor units are recruited first, with larger motor units being recruited progressively.

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High Stimulation Effect

It leads to an increase in force generation.

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Neuromuscular Neurotransmitter

Acetylcholine (ACh).

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ACh Release Mechanism

Release of ACh in packets of vesicles.

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Small Voltages

Miniature End Plate Potentials.

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ACh Vesicle Release

Always occurs in a probabilistic fashion.

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Muscle Component

Muscle fiber.

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Quantal Nature Scientists

The Sydney gang.

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Amplitude Multiplication

Multiplication factor.

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Muscle Contraction Intensity

The firing rate of motor units.

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Motor Unit Recruitment

The size principle.

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Force During Stimulation

It decreases due to fatigue.

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Summation of Twitch

A tetanic contraction.

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Firing Rate Relationship

Force production is linearly proportional to firing rate.

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Force-Frequency Curves

They shift to the right.

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