Neuromuscular Blockers and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
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Questions and Answers

Which drug is used for treatment of acute spasm due to muscle injury and inflammation?

  • Diazepam
  • Cyclobenzaprine (correct)
  • Dantrolene
  • Tizanidine

    • What is the mechanism of action of Baclofen?

  • Blocks RyR1 Ca2+ release channels in skeletal muscle
  • Acts as a GABAB agonist causing membrane hyperpolarization (correct)
  • Increases acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction
  • Acts as an α2-Adrenoceptor agonist in the spinal cord

    • What is the primary adverse effect of Tizanidine?

  • Visual hallucinations
  • Muscle weakness (correct)
  • Bronchospasm
  • Hypotension

    • Which drug is an antibiotic that enhances the effects of nondepolarizing blockers?

    <p>Neostigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Dantrolene?

    <p>Malignant hyperthermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Pancuronium?

    <p>Blocks neuromuscular transmission by competitive antagonism at acetylcholine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skeletal muscle relaxant reduces spasticity in a variety of painful conditions?

    <p>Spasmolytic Drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prototype of the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs?

    <p>d-tubocurarine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blockade is caused by an excess of a depolarizing agonist such as acetylcholine?

    <p>Depolarizing block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug releases histamine from mast cells and has more effect on NMJ than on autonomic ganglia?

    <p>Succinylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blocker may prolong the block but does not reverse the paralysis in Phase I?

    <p>Depolarizing blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of paralysis for non-depolarizing blockers?

    <p>Neck, limbs respiratory face, jaws, eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for non-depolarizing blockers?

    <p>Blockade of end plate function by two basic mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blocker causes maintained depolarization producing Na channel inactivation?

    <p>Non-depolarizing blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used for short term procedures and may lead to adverse drug reactions including respiratory paralysis and hyperkalemia?

    <p>Succinylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anticholinesterase agents on the paralysis caused by depolarizing blockers?

    <p>They prolong the paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a rapid onset of 1.8 minutes and duration of action of 20 minutes?

    <p>Mivacurium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT the primary adverse effect of Tizanidine?

    <p>Visual hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug acts by blocking RyR1 Ca2+ release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle?

    <p>Dantrolene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Baclofen?

    <p>GABAB agonist causing membrane hyper-polarization via increased K+ conductance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used for acute spasm due to muscle injury and inflammation, and has marked sedative and antimuscarinic actions?

    <p>Cyclobenzaprine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is an antibiotic that enhances the effects of nondepolarizing blockers?

    <p>Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is an α2-Adrenoceptor agonist in the spinal cord, reinforcing both presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition of reflex motor output?

    <p>Tizanidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug causes maintained depolarization producing Na channel inactivation?

    <p>Neostigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug has a long onset time of 2.9 minutes and a duration of action of 110 minutes?

    <p>Pancuronium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Dantrolene?

    <p>Spasm due to cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skeletal muscle relaxant acts in the brain stem, possibly by interfering with polysynaptic reflexes that maintain skeletal muscle tone?

    <p>Cyclobenzaprine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a prototype of the depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs?

    <p>Succinylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of anticholinesterase agents on the paralysis caused by depolarizing blockers?

    <p>Prolongs the block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of paralysis for non-depolarizing blockers?

    <p>Neck, limbs, respiratory, face, jaws, eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug releases histamine from mast cells and has more effect on NMJ than on autonomic ganglia?

    <p>Succinylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Baclofen?

    <p>Acts as a GABA(B) receptor agonist in the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blocker causes maintained depolarization producing Na channel inactivation?

    <p>Depolarizing blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Dantrolene?

    <p>Management of malignant hyperthermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used for treatment of acute spasm due to muscle injury and inflammation?

    <p>Tizanidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Pancuronium?

    <p>Reversible competitive antagonism at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anticholinesterase agents on the paralysis caused by non-depolarizing blockers?

    <p>Prolongs the block.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscle Relaxants

    • Carisoprodol is used to treat acute spasm due to muscle injury and inflammation.
    • Baclofen's mechanism of action involves activation of GABA receptors, which inhibits the release of excitatory neurotransmitters.

    Adverse Effects

    • The primary adverse effect of Tizanidine is sedation.
    • The primary adverse effect of Succinylcholine is hyperkalemia.
    • The primary adverse effect of Tizanidine is not respiratory depression.

    Antibiotics and Muscle Relaxants

    • Aminoglycosides are antibiotics that enhance the effects of non-depolarizing blockers.

    Non-Depolarizing Blockers

    • Dantrolene is used to treat malignant hyperthermia.
    • The mechanism of action of non-depolarizing blockers involves competitive inhibition of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.
    • The order of paralysis for non-depolarizing blockers is: facial, arm, leg, and respiratory muscles.
    • Pancuronium's mechanism of action involves competitive inhibition of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.
    • Rocuronium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a rapid onset of 1.8 minutes and a duration of action of 20 minutes.

    Depolarizing Blockers

    • Succinylcholine causes maintained depolarization producing Na channel inactivation.
    • Succinylcholine is used for short-term procedures and may lead to adverse drug reactions including respiratory paralysis and hyperkalemia.

    Anticholinesterase Agents

    • Anticholinesterase agents reverse the paralysis caused by depolarizing blockers.
    • Anticholinesterase agents have no effect on the paralysis caused by non-depolarizing blockers.

    Other Muscle Relaxants

    • Tizanidine is an α2-Adrenoceptor agonist in the spinal cord, reinforcing both presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition of reflex motor output.
    • Cyclobenzaprine acts in the brain stem, possibly by interfering with polysynaptic reflexes that maintain skeletal muscle tone.
    • Succinylcholine is a prototype of the depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs.
    • Dantrolene acts by blocking RyR1 Ca2+ release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle.

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    SKM Relaxants PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge about neuromuscular blockers and skeletal muscle relaxants. Learn about the neuromuscular junction, types of skeletal muscle relaxants, and drugs for acute muscle spasm.

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