Podcast
Questions and Answers
If a muscle has a larger cross-sectional area (CSA) compared to another muscle with the same CSA, what can be concluded about their strength and power?
If a muscle has a larger cross-sectional area (CSA) compared to another muscle with the same CSA, what can be concluded about their strength and power?
- The larger muscle will have equal strength and power.
- The larger muscle will have lower strength but greater power.
- The larger muscle will have greater strength but lower power. (correct)
- The larger muscle will have greater strength and power.
Which of the following factors directly contributes to the rate of ATP production in muscle cells?
Which of the following factors directly contributes to the rate of ATP production in muscle cells?
- Duration of the activity
- The type of fuel substrate used
- The availability of oxygen
- Intensity of the activity (correct)
What is the relationship between muscle fiber pennation and shortening velocity?
What is the relationship between muscle fiber pennation and shortening velocity?
- Muscles with greater pennation have lower shortening velocity. (correct)
- Pennation doesn't affect shortening velocity.
- Muscles with greater pennation have faster shortening velocity but only during concentric contractions
- Muscles with greater pennation have higher shortening velocity.
Which bioenergetic system primarily relies on the breakdown of phosphocreatine to replenish ATP?
Which bioenergetic system primarily relies on the breakdown of phosphocreatine to replenish ATP?
Which statement accurately describes negative work in the context of muscle contractions?
Which statement accurately describes negative work in the context of muscle contractions?
What is the primary difference between strength and power?
What is the primary difference between strength and power?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between muscle fiber arrangement and force production?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between muscle fiber arrangement and force production?
Which energy system is primarily responsible for providing ATP during activities lasting 1-3 minutes, like a 400-meter run?
Which energy system is primarily responsible for providing ATP during activities lasting 1-3 minutes, like a 400-meter run?
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing strength?
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing strength?
Which factor contributes to both neural adaptations and muscle hypertrophy in anaerobic training?
Which factor contributes to both neural adaptations and muscle hypertrophy in anaerobic training?
What is the primary mechanism for strength increase during the early stages of an anaerobic training program?
What is the primary mechanism for strength increase during the early stages of an anaerobic training program?
Which statement about the size principle during heavy-resistance training is accurate?
Which statement about the size principle during heavy-resistance training is accurate?
Which adaptation occurs in proprioceptors as a result of anaerobic training?
Which adaptation occurs in proprioceptors as a result of anaerobic training?
What type of activation can untrained individuals voluntarily achieve of their muscle tissue?
What type of activation can untrained individuals voluntarily achieve of their muscle tissue?
In a first-class lever, how do the muscle force and resistive force act in relation to the fulcrum?
In a first-class lever, how do the muscle force and resistive force act in relation to the fulcrum?
What does a mechanical advantage greater than 1.0 indicate?
What does a mechanical advantage greater than 1.0 indicate?
Which example best represents a second-class lever?
Which example best represents a second-class lever?
In a third-class lever, what happens to the muscle force in comparison to the resistive force?
In a third-class lever, what happens to the muscle force in comparison to the resistive force?
What is indicated by a mechanical disadvantage such as 0.125 in a first-class lever?
What is indicated by a mechanical disadvantage such as 0.125 in a first-class lever?
What characteristic defines a second-class lever configuration?
What characteristic defines a second-class lever configuration?
During elbow extension, which characteristic applies to the first-class lever's moment arms?
During elbow extension, which characteristic applies to the first-class lever's moment arms?
What is the primary energy substrate when maximal oxygen uptake exceeds 60% during exercise?
What is the primary energy substrate when maximal oxygen uptake exceeds 60% during exercise?
Which factor primarily limits performance during a marathon?
Which factor primarily limits performance during a marathon?
What is the function of lactate production during high-intensity exercise?
What is the function of lactate production during high-intensity exercise?
What is a major component of effective program design in sports training?
What is a major component of effective program design in sports training?
Which of the following principles entails systematically increasing training volume or intensity?
Which of the following principles entails systematically increasing training volume or intensity?
How can recovery from high-intensity exercise be most effectively achieved?
How can recovery from high-intensity exercise be most effectively achieved?
What aspect of program design determines how often exercises are performed?
What aspect of program design determines how often exercises are performed?
What is the significance of rest periods in program design?
What is the significance of rest periods in program design?
Which type of exercise is commonly limited by ATP and creatine phosphate availability?
Which type of exercise is commonly limited by ATP and creatine phosphate availability?
Flashcards
Motor unit recruitment
Motor unit recruitment
The process of activating more motor units to increase force production in muscles.
Neural adaptations in training
Neural adaptations in training
Changes in the nervous system that enhance muscle performance and coordination with training.
Size principle
Size principle
Muscle fibers are recruited in order of size; smaller fibers first, then larger ones for strength.
Muscle hypertrophy
Muscle hypertrophy
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Proprioceptor adaptations
Proprioceptor adaptations
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Lever
Lever
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Mechanical Advantage
Mechanical Advantage
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First-Class Lever
First-Class Lever
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Second-Class Lever
Second-Class Lever
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Third-Class Lever
Third-Class Lever
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Force Resistance (FR)
Force Resistance (FR)
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Moment Arm
Moment Arm
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Strength
Strength
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Power
Power
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Muscle Cross-Sectional Area (CSA)
Muscle Cross-Sectional Area (CSA)
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Pennation
Pennation
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Bioenergetics
Bioenergetics
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ATP
ATP
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Phosphagen System
Phosphagen System
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Glycolytic System
Glycolytic System
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Oxidative System
Oxidative System
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Muscle Glycogen
Muscle Glycogen
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Glycogen Depletion
Glycogen Depletion
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Post-Exercise Carbohydrate Ingestion
Post-Exercise Carbohydrate Ingestion
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Lactate Production
Lactate Production
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Cooldown Benefits
Cooldown Benefits
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Limiting Factors of Exercise
Limiting Factors of Exercise
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Specificity Principle (SAID)
Specificity Principle (SAID)
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Progressive Overload
Progressive Overload
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Needs Analysis
Needs Analysis
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Study Notes
Neuromuscular Adaptations
- Resistance training over 3-6 months improves force production and maximal movement.
- Strength gains range from 25% to 100%.
- Neural control and muscle hypertrophy are altered.
- Strength gain potential is higher in young males.
- Muscle plasticity levels are elevated.
Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
- GAS explains how the body responds to training stress.
- The body adapts or exhausts depending on the training stimulus.
- The alarm phase is the initial recognition of the stimulus and is often accompanied by fatigue.
- Resistance phase is when body adaptation occurs leading to an elevated baseline.
- Supercompensation is caused by the adaptive response, resulting in a new higher level of performance capacity.
- Overtraining can cause performance suppression if stressors are too high.
Muscle Damage and Adaptations
- Unaccustomed eccentric exercise (downhill running) leads to muscle damage and the release of cytosolic enzymes and myoglobin.
- High muscle force damage the sarcolemma.
- Metabolites (e.g., calcium) accumulate, producing more damage.
- Resulting reduced force capacity.
Glycogen Supercompensation
- Glycogen levels are affected by exercise and recovery.
- Low glycogen levels precede exercise.
- Following recovery, high levels of glycogen (supercompensation) are observed.
- Normal glycogen levels exist during recovery.
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